论行政处罚的“一事不再罚”原则

"一事不再罚"原则的规定是为了防止处罚机关滥用职权对相对人同一违法行为以同一事实理由处以多次行政处罚."一事"指符合一个行政违法构成要件的行为;"不再罚"指除非法律有特别规定,行政主体只能给予一次处罚.复杂的事数形态和法条竞合领域也应贯彻"一事不再罚"原则.     

Regularization and variable selection via the elastic net

Summary.  We propose the elastic net, a new regularization and variable selection method. Real world data and a simulation study show that the elastic net often outperforms the lasso, while enjoying a similar sparsity of representation. In addition, the elastic net encourages a grouping effect, where strongly correlated predictors tend to be in or out of the model together. The elastic net is particularly useful when the number of predictors ( p ) is much bigger than the number of observations ( n ). By contrast, the lasso is not a very satisfactory variable selection method in the p ≫ n case. An algorithm called LARS-EN is proposed for computing elastic net regularization paths efficiently, much like algorithm LARS does for the lasso.     

“居”的考略

"居"不仅是一个现实的问题,更是一个历史的、诗学的问题.本文将"居"的范畴规约、定格在物理和文本意义之上,并对"居"从问题的凸显,历时发育与式微,共时的失明与自反以及诗意地栖居等方面对"居"进行考略,以期当下我们熟悉而又陌生的"居"得以澄明,从"失明"而走向"复明",实现人类诗性栖居的回归.     

新昆山腔的曲律规范与汤显祖剧作的"失律"

经过魏良辅的改造,新昆山腔具备了“磨调”的唱法和“转喉”的发声技巧,并对曲唱的字声提出了规范要求。而沈璟又在曲谱上对它进行更为苛刘的限定,反使之成为传奇的束缚,限制了剧作家的才情。对唱腔曲牌的“犯律”并不始于汤显祖,只是平仄和押韵的不谐,不方便以吴语为基础的昆腔“转喉”的唱法。因此被吴中文人指责为“失律”。     

Risk Assessment for Carcinogens Under California''s Proposition 65

Risk assessments for carcinogens are being developed through an accelerated process in California as a part of the state's implementation of Proposition 65, the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act. Estimates of carcinogenic potency made by the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) are generally similar to estimates made by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The largest differences are due to EPA's use of the maximum likelihood estimate instead of CDHS' use of the upper 95% confidence bounds on potencies derived from human data and to procedures used to correct for studies of short duration or with early mortality. Numerical limits derived from these potency estimates constitute "no significant risk" levels, which govern exemption from Proposition 65's discharge prohibition and warning requirements. Under Proposition 65 regulations, lifetime cancer risks less than 10(-5) are not significant and cumulative intake is not considered. Following these regulations, numerical limits for a number of Proposition 65 carcinogens that are applicable to the control of toxic discharges are less stringent than limits under existing federal water pollution control laws. Thus, existing federal limits will become the Proposition 65 levels for discharge. Chemicals currently not covered by federal and state controls will eventually be subject to discharge limitations under Proposition 65. "No significant risk" levels (expressed in terms of daily intake of carcinogens) also trigger warning requirements under Proposition 65 that are more extensive than existing state or federal requirements. A variety of chemical exposures from multiple sources are identified that exceed Proposition 65's "no significant risk" levels.     

被保险人因“履行道德上义务”所致之损害——评中国台湾地区高等法院台中分院2012年度保险上易1判决

此件系争事故发生既出于被保险人之故意,则依中国台湾地区《保险法》第29条第2项但书规定,损害出于投保人或被保险人之故意者,保险人不负保险责任。然此件被保险人复主张,其接受捐肝手术之行为,乃为救助其夫,虽出于故意但属“履行道德上义务”,依中国台湾地区《保险法》第30条,保险人对于因“履行道德上义务”所致之损害应负赔偿责任。根据英美法上的“公众良心标准”,此件被保险人捐肝救夫之行为,其故意行为乃造成身体之伤害,而其欲成就之利益乃救助丈夫性命,两相权衡,其欲成就之利益显大于因故意行为而造成之损害,故保险人应负理赔之责。     

高校学生思想政治教育前瞻性思考

高校规模化、学生个性化、观念多元化、信息网络化、后勤社会化、就业市场化是新世纪新阶段高校学生思想政治教育面临的新情况。高校思想政治教育必须转变传统的教育模式,努力探索思想政治教育的新思路新途径。     

Applications of schur theory to reliability inference for k of n systems

The results of Hoeffding (1956), Pledger and Proschan (1971), Gleser (1975) and Boland and Proschan (1983) are used to obtain Buehler (1957) 1-α lower confidence limits for the reliability of k of n systems of independent components when the subsystem data have equal sample sizes and the observed failures satisfy certain conditions. To the best of our knowledge, for k ≠ 1 or n, this is the first time the exact optimal lower confidence limits for system reliability have been given. The observed failure vectors are a generalization of key test results for k of n systems, k ≠ n (Soms (1984) and Winterbottom (1974)). Two examples applying the above theory are also given.     

Smoothing Splines with Boundary Correction

Regular smoothing splines are known to have a type of boundary bias problem that can reduce their estimation efficiency. In this paper, a boundary corrected smoothing spline with general order is designed in a way that the risk will decay at an optimal rate. An O(n) algorithm is also developed to compute the resultant estimator efficiently.