性格与智慧的制约——贾平凹与德莱塞笔下悲剧性人物形象比较研究

刘高兴与赫斯特伍德分别代表了《高兴》与《嘉莉妹妹》两部中外作品中的“失败者”艺术形象.尽管他们在社会地位、文化教养等方面几乎没有任何表征上的类似,然而,他们的悲剧性命运模式却有着类似的诱因与发展逻辑,显示了性格与智慧对人物命运轨迹的重要影响.     

Rules Trump Desires in Preschoolers’ Predictions of Group Behavior

The objective of this article is to investigate the way children weigh conventional rules against desires when considering how a group will behave. To do so, two experiments involving a prediction task in which desires were pitted against conventional rules were presented to three‐ to five‐year‐old children. In Experiment 1, four scenarios were established as classroom scenes in which either one protagonist or three protagonists had a desire that went against an explicit conventional rule. In the individual control condition, the choices linked to the rules were at chance whereas, in the group condition, the participants predicted that all the protagonists would end up following the rule. Given that both conditions in Experiment 1 implied four rule followers in the design, Experiment 2 staged not three but seven potential rule transgressors to see whether the desire of the majority might undermine the rule. Results showed no majority effect: participants expected protagonists to act counter to their desire and to follow the rule. Such results suggest that children as young as three‐year‐old favor rules over desires when they have to predict the behavior of a group, whether it be the majority or not. Possible implications of these intriguing findings are discussed.     

《仁智传》与《辩通传》中的三类女性人物

《仁智传》与《辩通传》中的人物,喊为具有安邦定国才能,且又不乏思辨头脑的“大”女子;或为具有远见卓识,学问、修养也难于企及的“高”女子;或为具有聪根慧眼,见微知著,未雨绸缪的“智”女子。他们胸怀宽广,深刻透辟,既有强烈的责任心,又执著于自己的理想追求。特别是其“博爱”与“利他”精神,更凸现了人文情怀。     

基于传统教学观与建构主义教学观整合的教学设计

20世纪末期,世界各国相继启动了课程改革,不断见诸于西方教育文献中的建构主义成为教育界近年来的研究时尚,对传统教学形成巨大的冲击。实践证明,传统与建构主义教学观并非替代关系,两者适用的领域不同,彼此是相互补充的,在实践中应该根据具体教学内容、教学要求以及学生的特点将两种教学观加以整合以指导教学。     

风险社会视域下中国大学制度自主发展路径研究——兼论当前中国去行政化的研究误区

由于高科技、全球化以及反思性现代化等因素的影响,人类正在从工业社会向风险社会过渡,在西方历史演变中逐步形成的现代大学制度,自然也要随着时代的变化而变化。因此,中国在进行现代大学制度的建构过程中,不能简单地＂移植＂、改造西方的现代大学制度,需要在新的时代背景下推动大学制度的＂自主发展＂,以便实现中国大学制度从他组织进入自组织的宏伟目标。     

夏门古村落人居环境规划中的“自然智慧”初探

古村落人居环境是农耕时代人们与自然和谐相处的产物，蕴含了结合自然进行规划设计的卓越智慧，具有中国本土文化精神的原创价值。以山西历史文化名村夏门为例，探寻了古代夏门村落营建具有将人工环境与自然环境相统一的整体规划理念，弥补自然之不足与营造风景相统一的建设手法，以及充分尊重地形与发挥建筑师创造性相统一的创作方式等设计智慧。     

Humanizing strategy

In this article, we apply our latest thinking on knowledge to provide insights on how to reconceptualize strategy to cope with a VUCA world, epitomized recently by COVID-19. We demonstrate that business leaders must draw on phronesis, or practical wisdom, for strategy to become more future-oriented, society-focused, dynamic, and human-centric. Using in-depth case studies, we show how companies will survive in the long run if they start with a moral purpose, and end by offering value to customers, contributing to society, living in harmony with nature, and creating a new and better future. We came up with six practices that enable business leaders to create new and better futures, citing evidences from neuroscience. We conclude that humans should be at the center of strategy, driving future-making with the help of digital-led automation. Reconceptualizing strategy based on this “inside-out” approach, the reward to the company is resilience, longevity, and sustainability.     

现代社会与儒家传统思想资源

改革开放三十年来,中国社会经济、政治、文化都有了飞速的发展和进步,人们的生活水平及生活质量也有了很大的提升,这是全世界有目共睹的事实.然而,繁荣的场景并不是社会现实的全部,在辉煌壮丽的帷幕之下,在颂歌悠扬的乐曲声中,还悄然隐藏着某些令人不安的因子.这些因子有内、外两个方面的表现.     

矢量非傍轴平顶高斯光束的光强研究

从矢量Rayleigh-Sommerfeld衍射积分公式出发，以矢量非傍轴平顶高斯光束为例，对其横向光强分布进行了研究．研究结果表明，非傍轴矢量光束的两种光强表示式，即传统光强公式和时间平均坡印廷矢量的Z分量，它们之间的相对误差与束腰宽度和波长之比wO／λ有关．