New Zealand ministers of religion: Identifying sources of stress and coping strategies

Because the primary focus in occupational stress research has been on refining our understanding of the relationship between stressors and stress responses, relatively few attempts have been made to examine the nature and structure of the different constructs involved in that relationship. One reason for this has been die apparent acceptance that current measures adequately describe work role stressors or that constructs such as coping can be researched by simply selecting and devising measures on an a priori basis. This paper considers the stressors reported by ministers of religion in New Zealand and the strategies may use to cope with those problems. The results draw attention to die fact that while existing scales provide a good measure of general perceptions they are not useful or designed for evaluating specific role relationships or their nature and structure. The implications of these findings arc discussed in terms of measurement issues and future research.     

高中生的压力应对方式及其与学业成绩关系的研究

采用中学生应对方式评定问卷,对649名高中生面对挫折和烦恼时应对方式的特点及其与学业成绩的关系进行了考察.结果表明:(1)不同性别的高中生在发泄、幻想和忍耐应对方式上存在显著差异;(2)不同学校类型高中生在问题解决、退避和幻想应对方式上存在显著差异;(3)来自城市和农村的高中生的应对方式差异不显著,处于不同家庭气氛的高中生在问题解决应对方式上存在显著差异,父母教养方式不同的高中生在问题解决和幻想应对上存在极显著差异;(4)高中生学业成绩与问题解决应对方式有显著正相关.     

大学生乐观品质培养的实验研究

在对大学生乐观品质调查的基础上,设计了实验组、控制组和实验干预项目,并对实验组进行了解释型乐观的实验干预。实验结果表明,经过干预的实验组学生的解释型乐观水平显著高于控制组,此实验说明气质型乐观可以通过解释型乐观的干预模式得到培养。     

当代社会思潮对大学生的影响及应对策略

社会思潮作为社会文化的一种表现形式,反映了不同群体的理想、愿望、利益和要求,具有阶级性、理论性、多样性和非主流性等主要特征,对当代大学生的人生观、世界观和价值观的形成有着积极和消极的双重影响.要正确认识并客观分析社会思潮,加强学科建设和人才培养,深刻把握大学生感知社会思潮的取向特征,以社会主义核心价值体系引领社会思潮在高校的良性传播.     

云南省13种世居少数民族大学生职业成熟度与就业应对方式分析

为了解少数民族大学生职业成熟度、就业应对方式的特点及其关系,本研究对云南省13种1529名世居少数民族大学生展开调查,结果发现,少数民族大学生职业成熟度低于一般大学生水平,受性别、城乡类别、家庭经济条件、专业等因素影响。少数民族大学生就业应对方式具有极端发展趋势,受性别、是否毕业生、专业因素影响。少数民族大学生职业成熟度与就业应对方式之间具有显著的相关,职业成熟度能较好地预测就业应对方式。对少数民族大学生进行职业发展教育、就业指导应注重职业生涯发展意识的培养与问题解决方式指导相结合,以减轻他们在应对就业压力事件时的负面情绪,促进其顺利就业,促进其职业生涯的健康发展,实现自我价值。     

Minority Stress,Parenting Styles,and Mental Health in Brazilian Homosexual Men

ABSTRACT

Homosexual men are constantly exposed to prejudice and violence in Brazil. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between minority stress, parenting styles, and indicators of mental health problems in a sample of homosexual men. Method: quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational, and retrospective design. Participants were 101 Brazilian men who selfidentified as homosexuals, aged between 18 and 55 years. Results: concealing sexual identity was a predictor of depression and stress. Parental responsiveness was associated with a lower incidence of enacted stigma and depression. Conclusions: the mental health of homosexual men can be negatively affected by the need to conceal their sexual orientation. Parental responsiveness is a protective factor in terms of experiencing enacted stigma and depression. The results found in the study may be useful for counselors and social workers who are working with LGBT people and their families.     

When the main job tasks are perceived to be ‘irrelevant’ in the workplace: the internal uselessness of corporate social responsibility work in Japan

ABSTRACT

Despite a symbolic shift toward ‘emotional taint’ in dirty work literature, the role of the workplace has not been studied in relation to socially admired professions, such as corporate social responsibility (CSR) work. This article carries out an in-depth, critical examination of CSR as an emotionally tainted occupation in Japan. Its findings, substantiated by an analysis of 34 CSR workers’ rhetoric, help conceptualise ‘internal uselessness’. This emerges when workers feel their organisations publicly foster an image of their work that is decoupled from its internal reality, assigning them chief tasks they consider irrelevant. This leads to negative consequences that damage their workplace social relationships, professional aspirations and emotional well-being. The findings ultimately show that these CSR workers in Japan attempt to counterbalance internal uselessness through a social quest with peers outside their workplace, but also manage their emotions by rationalising their job status as inescapable, influenced by situated commitment norms.     

Bargaining for Success: Examining the Relationship Between Teacher Unions and Student Achievement

While many previous studies have identified a positive relationship between teachers unions and student achievement on standardized tests, little research to date has explored the channels through which unions might actually affect achievement. Utilizing multilevel random intercept models, we examine the effects of two categories of items commonly negotiated in teacher contracts—“industrial union” items and “professional union” items—on individual student math scores. Further, we assess the ability of these two clusters of variables to explain the positive union effect found in previous research. The results confirm that teachers unions are positively associated with student achievement and suggest that the industrial model explains moderately more of the union effect than the professional model; however, only the combination of both models is capable of reducing the union effect to nonsignificance. These findings are also confirmed in a supplemental analysis utilizing instrumental variables to account for the possibility of endogeneity. Finally, a decomposition of the union effect suggests that teachers unions are most beneficial to middle‐ and high‐achieving students. We conclude that through industrial and professional bargaining, teachers are able to secure higher salaries, credentialing, and greater autonomy which lead to improved student achievement.     

电视文化的负功能及其应对策略研究

电视文化在发挥正功能的同时也具有麻醉、反智和操纵等负功能,这些负功能会导致钝化思考力、瓦解创造性和消弭道德感等较为严重的社会后果。应对电视文化的负功能应从三个方面着手,一是媒体角色自觉,电视人应充分意识到自己的角色定位和社会担当,二是社会管理主体要切实担负把关和监督的责任,三是受众要建立自我主体性地位,并发展个人的批判性思维,提升媒介素养。     

Caregiving mothers of children with impairments: coping and support in Russia

Parents providing long‐term care for their children with impairments face myriad physical and emotional challenges. Researchers have examined coping strategies among parent caregivers in various contexts internationally. However, little research has focused on caregiving mothers of children with impairments in developing countries, and even less on mothers in Russia. The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate the ways in which caregiving mothers cope and their perceptions of services and supports they need and utilize in a small Russian city. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with caregiving mothers (n = 20) concerning postnatal and current treatment, information and services, finances, social support, and future plans. Analysis revealed that planning for the future and navigating limited resources, overcoming structural barriers and cultural obstacles, and maintaining social support were the three most important facets of mothers’ abilities to cope with the demands of caregiving.