Longitudinal Associations Between Husbands' and Wives' Depressive Symptoms

Although concordance between husbands' and wives' mental health problems is often reported, questions remain about the nature of these relations. Extending research in this area, this study examined dynamic-longitudinal pathways among husbands' and wives' depressive symptoms and marital satisfaction as a moderator of associations. Participants were 296 heterosexual couples. Husbands and wives reported on their depressive symptoms and marital satisfaction. Results from dynamic bivariate latent difference score analyses indicated unidirectional longitudinal coupling such that higher levels of husbands' depressive symptoms predicted subsequent elevations in wives' depressive symptoms over time. This relation was stronger among couples reporting marital distress as compared to couples reporting higher marital satisfaction. The findings underscore the importance of considering one's spouses' depressive symptoms in treatment efforts.     

圆柱绕流远场涡对的数值模拟

基于离散涡方法求得非定常、不稳定流场,数值模拟了三种不同时刻高雷诺数下圆柱绕流结构的发展,从流谱图、等涡量线图和涡谱图可以清晰地看出从近场的初生卡门涡街,过渡到远场的二次涡街的过程,计算结果发现：远场离散涡有形成二个涡的涡对及三个涡的涡对的趋势,计算结果说明了流体运动中涡对结构的本质：由于来流是均匀的,没有加入任何拔动,当流体流过钝体时产生具有剧烈分离的不稳定流动,因此在远场形成的二次涡对及卡门涡     

关于夫妻同居义务的立法思考

是否有必要在法律上规定夫妻有同居的义务是值得商榷的。通过对婚姻的自然与社会属性以及生活上的考察 ,得出的结论是 :如果明确规定夫妻有同居义务 ,有可能给当事人带来三方面的困境 :( 1)夫妻一方不愿意同居时法律无能强制 ;( 2 )婚内强奸求告救无门和无法律依据 ;( 3)协议分居期间一方的性侵犯如何认定。要维护婚姻关系 ,关键是在立法上规定“夫妻共同婚姻生活”和“夫妻双方共负贞操”的义务     

中国古代夫妻合志首题书写的演变

与单一墓主的墓志题式相比,夫妻合志的复杂性在于墓主的二人性,既然墓志是两人合志,那么在首题中理应兼书两人,但中国古代夫妻合志的首题书写经历了题不书妻到夫妇双标的演变：合志题不书妻,明代以前是常例,明代以后成为特例;合志首题夫妇双标,明代以前是特例,明代以后变为常例。以明为界,夫妻合志首题的书写发生了一个转换。寻究转换的原因,主要有二：服母丧制度的变化;文体自身完善的驱动。     

蒸汽发生器炉管壁减薄机理

从腐蚀理论和影响因素来解释了“蒸汽发生器炉管失效分析”一文中所揭示的现象,蒸汽发生器炉管减薄主要源于内表面腐蚀,炉管径向截面出现裂纹和次生裂纹,腐蚀表面有冲蚀和气蚀痕迹。介绍了蒸汽发生器炉管壁减薄机理,炉管壁在高温高压的工况下,金属与水汽接触产生汽水腐蚀,形成以氧化铁为主的腐蚀产物。炉管内液体在流动过程中地被加热,产生大量的蒸汽泡,蒸汽泡溃灭过程中造成氧化膜甚至母体金属破坏。与此同时,应力和活性阴离子对氧化膜的破坏造成孔蚀;氧的存在加剧了腐蚀作用。气蚀作用能使脱落的固体颗粒在水汽中形成固液汽三相流冲蚀作用,使材料被除去,母体金属与介质直接接触,周而复始的连续作用使管壁减薄。通过论述,以期对炉管减薄有更清晰的认识,从而对蒸汽发生器的使用起到一定的指导作用。     

Are “Equals” Happier Than “Less Equals”? A Couple Analysis of Similarity and Well‐being

Using Netherlands Kinship Panel Study dyadic couple data (n = 3,117), the authors investigated associations between partner dissimilarity in the socioeconomic and companionate domains and couples' well‐being. They distinguished between 2 well‐being indicators—life satisfaction and relationship satisfaction—assuming both indicators to be differentially related to the 2 life domains. They investigated whether Becker's (1973) hypothesis of the “efficiency” gains of household specialization has a sociological pendant in a link between specialization and well‐being gains and found that greater socioeconomic dissimilarity was associated with lower life satisfaction for both partners. Although the authors expected dissimilarity in the companionate domain to be associated with lower relationship satisfaction, such an association was found only for family traditionalism: Partners less similar in this respect were less satisfied with their relationship. As assumed, life satisfaction was more strongly associated with dissimilarity in the socioeconomic domain, whereas relationship satisfaction was most affected by the companionate domain.     

A Survey of the Unmet Needs of Homebound Elders

Abstract

In conjunction with the 1995 White House Conference on Aging (WHCoA), the authors conducted a study of 917 homebound elders in one state in order to determine whether medications and medical care were always affordable and accessible, and how nursing home care would be paid for if needed. For more than two-fifths of the sample, paying for physicians' services and medications, as welt as locating reliable medical transportation was problematic at times. A similar proportion did not know where they would turn for assistance if family and friends were unavailable. Although Medicare only pays for up to 100 days under certain circumstances, more than half of the sample projected that Medicare would pay for nursing home care if it was needed. The authors conclude by discussing the WHCoA resolutions and resulting social policy implications.     

大分子偶联剂的制备及其在Nano-SiO2/EP材料中的应用

利用分段加入甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯和γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的自由基聚合方法合成了大分子偶联剂———功能性聚丙烯酸酯,并对聚合物的结构进行了表征。将大分子偶联剂———功能性聚丙烯酸酯应用到纳米二氧化硅改性环氧树脂固化物体系中,并对固化物的热性能及断裂横截面形貌进行研究。结果显示：与单纯的纳米二氧化硅改性环氧树脂固化物相比,加入大分子偶联剂———功能性聚丙烯酸酯后,固化物的玻璃化转变温度变化较小,起始热分解温度降低,断裂横截面的形貌呈现明显的韧性断裂,环氧树脂固化物的韧性得到明显提高。     

Parents’ Expectations About Childrearing After Divorce: Does Anticipating Difficulty Deter Divorce?

Divorce is costly for parents because of the challenges of meeting children’s economic and socioemotional needs after separation. Using the National Survey of Families and Households (N= 1,935), we investigate whether expected economic and parenting costs deter divorce. Mothers expect higher economic costs than fathers, whereas fathers expect more parenting difficulties. Most parents, however, expect high economic and parenting costs. In a large minority of families, mothers and fathers differ in their expected costs. Parenting costs deter divorce, but economic costs do not once other family characteristics are controlled. When parents disagree, mothers’ parenting concerns are a greater barrier to divorce than fathers’ concerns. Finally, parenting costs are a greater barrier to divorce for unhappy than happy couples.     

连梁对RC双肢剪力墙抗震性能影响初探

用非线性有限元分析方法，对ＲＣ双肢剪力墙的地震反应进行了计算。利用计算结果，分析了地震作用下双肢剪力墙的受力性能以及连梁对受力性能的影响规律，提出了双肢剪力墙设计中连梁跨高比的取值建议。