刑事和解在审判阶段的制度构建

刑事和解系宽严相济刑事政策在诉讼中的具体体现,基于其特殊的价值,我国检察机关开始进行试点与探索,而对于具有普遍意义的刑事和解在审判阶段的应用并没有推开.自诉案件和刑附民案件程序的启动本身就决定于被害人,这类案件的和解并非普遍意义上的刑事和解.就刑事和解在审判阶段应用的价值、程序设置的主要问题进行评析,并在此基础上对程序设置的完善提出建议,以适用于审判实践.认为审判阶段进行刑事和解不仅提升了被害人的诉讼地位,同时,在一定程度上促使刑事审判的功能发生变化,与过去靠"打"来稳定社会治安的作用完全不一样,能使司法活动取得良好的社会效益,实现从有害正义到无害正义的进步,有利于社会和谐的构建.     

反思与重构:对结合犯概念的再思考

对结合犯概念的揭示应注意以下几个方面:不能脱离结合犯的初始意义,应反映结合犯的本质内涵和立法目的,不能脱离法律的实证规定,不能混淆规范刑法学与本体刑法学的界限,不能脱离犯罪成立的理论体系.所谓结合犯是指立法者基于特定立法目的的考虑,将两个具有内在联系性的犯罪(构成要件)规定为独立犯罪(构成要件)的情况.     

破产犯罪研究

随着市场经济的发展,破产已经成为社会经济生活中的自然现象,与之相关的破产犯罪日渐猖獗,对社会的危害也愈加严重。我国关于破产犯罪的立法存在严重缺陷和不足,不能适应打击和预防破产犯罪的需要,应加以完善。     

手机取证及其应用——以职务犯罪侦查为剖析视角

随着移动通信技术的发展和应用的推广,手机犯罪成为了新的犯罪趋势,手机取证成为打击犯罪的有效手段,在职务犯罪侦查中发挥着重要作用.当前,手机取证技术还不成熟,因电子数据的不稳定性和手机系统软件的特殊性,手机取证在设备配置、软件升级、取证标准、规范,以及技术人员培养等方面还面临着严峻挑战.应对挑战,应当以云技术为基础,在全国范围建立手机取证数据的统一管理平台,设定取证标准、规范,建立有效的机制培养专业取证人才,最终全面提高取证能力.     

Gendered Movement: Negotiating Youth,Sex and Harm in the US Carceral State

Exempt from the current bipartisan reassessment of the US carceral state are people with convictions for sex offenses. While movements against public registries for sex offenders are scant, a grassroots movement is underway. This article offers a preliminary analysis of the complex consequence of women's political work to extract their sons from the US carceral state. This gendered advocacy is mapped against shifts in the racialised US criminal justice system, where the fluid category of child/juvenile is often unavailable to youth of colour and/or queer youth, and criminalisation is offered to regulate sexuality, consent, age and potential harm.     

Sexual Orientation in State Hate Crime Laws: Exploring Social Construction and Criminal Law

Several studies have described and analyzed the development and diffusion of hate crime laws in the United States, but none specifically examined state-level differences in protected categories. Forty-five of the 50 states have a hate crime statute, but only 30 of those include sexual orientation. In this study the social construction framework is applied to the hate crime policy domain in order to determine whether or not variations in the social and political status of gays and lesbians are associated with the inclusion of sexual orientation in state hate crime laws. Content analysis of daily newspapers in six states revealed that a positive social construction is associated with groups seeking hate crime law protections, and that political influence may also be a key factor.     

Self‐Esteem,the Fear of Crime,and the Decision to Protect Oneself From Victimization

This research extends prior work that examines self‐esteem as an outcome of protective behaviors against crime victimization by focusing instead on the moderating influence of self‐esteem on the relationship between the fear of crime and the decision to protect oneself from victimization. The fear of crime is conceptualized as two separate components (fear of victimization and perceived risk) in accordance with prior work. Self‐esteem is conceptualized as three separate components (worth, efficacy, and authenticity), and measured with a recently designed instrument for capturing each aspect of self‐esteem separately. Data are collected through surveys of a population at high risk for victimization (undergraduate college students). Logistic regression analyses demonstrate that self‐esteem does play a role for deciding whether to engage in protective behaviors, and that the specific components of self‐esteem moderate defensive behavioral outcomes differently. Specifically, the self‐worth, self‐efficacy, and authenticity components of self‐esteem influence the decision to carry protection, but not the decision to take a self‐defense class. Implications for both the fear of crime and self‐esteem literatures are addressed.     

犯罪圈的扩张及其合理限制——以我国刑事立法的变迁为视角

犯罪圈的扩张是我国刑事立法的主导方向,现代化的发展、权利的保护是犯罪圈在特定时期不断扩大的主要原因。立法上的犯罪化的内在根据,在于行为具有应受刑罚处罚程度的社会危害性。犯罪圈的扩张应当受到合理限制：遵循刑法的谦抑性原则,考虑新增罪名与其他罪名的关系,考虑国民的感受与认同并理性对待民意,在注重入罪的同时,也应做到及时地出罪。     

Univariate and multivariate models of positive and negative networks: Liking,disliking, and bully–victim relationships

Three relations between elementary school children were investigated: networks of general dislike and bullying were related to networks of general like. These were modeled using multivariate cross-sectional (statistical) network models. Exponential random graph models for a sample of 18 classrooms, numbering 393 students, were summarized using meta-analyses. Results showed (balanced) network structures with positive ties between those who were structurally equivalent in the negative network. Moreover, essential structural parameters for the univariate network structure of positive (general like) and negative (general dislike and bullying) tie networks were identified. Different structures emerged in positive and negative networks. The results provide a starting point for further theoretical and (multiplex) empirical research about negative ties and their interplay with positive ties.     

Mentoring Siblings of Gang Members: A Template for Reaching Families of Gang Members?

Mentoring has become a popular model of intervention to reduce the risk of offending, and has been proposed as an effective tool to tackle the risk of gang membership. This paper reviews the existing literature on mentoring and reports on a qualitative evaluation of a mentoring programme targeted at young people ‘at risk’ of gang membership in an English city. The study highlights important issues around these interventions. Although we found it a useful way to engage otherwise hard‐to‐reach families, important limitations remain: their potential labelling impact and their limited impact in isolation from other more ambitious measures.