论西方哲学演进的思路和问题

文章对西方哲学演进的思路和问题作了概述 ,涉及本原论、本体论、神论、知识论、唯理论和经验论、批判哲学、主体性哲学、实体主义、理性主义、基础主义、本质主义、现当代哲学转向等一系列重要概念、思想和问题 ,凸显苏格拉底、柏拉图、康德等转折性人物的哲学思想。     

论恩格斯与马克思哲学思想的差异 --从《终结》和《提纲》的比较看

1888年,恩格斯出版了哲学著作《路德维希·费尔巴哈和德国古典哲学的终结》(以下简称《终结》),并把马克思写于1845年的《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》(以下简称《提纲》)改名为《马克思论费尔巴哈》(以下简称《论》)附于书后。本文认为,在《终结》和《提纲》的哲学思想之间存在着重要的差异:一是哲学研究应当从实践出发,还是从自然界出发;二是实践概念应该首要地被理解为本体论概念,还是认识论概念;三是马克思哲学究竟把“现实的人”作为核心问题,还是把“纯粹思想”作为核心问题。本文强调,在对马克思主义哲学的研究中,不应该回避这些差异,而应该认真地对待它们。     

朱迪丝·赖特——澳大利亚文学成熟的标志

朱迪丝·赖特是澳大利亚著名的女诗人，她以卓越的文学理论和诗歌创作为澳大利亚文学的发展和繁荣做出了不朽的贡献。全面解析赖特的诗作可揭示她的文艺观点、创作题材、哲学思想及其独具一格的艺术性。而这一切表明，她无愧为澳大利亚文学成熟的重要标志。     

析证伪主义认识前提中的不可知论色彩

证伪主义是波普尔科学哲学的主题,它以批判理性主义为认识前提。批判理性主义认为,知识的存在以个人为本位,知识的增长是一个类似达尔文生物进化的客观自主的过程,因此任何个人的理性都是有限的。归纳和证实之所以错误,从根本上说,就是它们预设了个人理性的无限性。相反,正是个人理性的有限性,使得归纳和证实不可能,因而只有证伪方法才能使对科学的检验成为可能。但是,由于波普尔把知识的存在仅局限在个人的范围内,主张知识来源的先验性,承认自在之物的存在,因而其批判理性主义具有明显的不可知论色彩。     

青年马克思人道主义的本质辨析--破解阿尔都塞“认识论断裂”说的锁钥

阿尔都塞对青年马克思人道主义思想的解读是一种严重的误读和曲解;青年马克思的人道主义不是费尔巴哈意义上的“抽象的人道主义”,而是“实践的人道主义”;它区别于近代启蒙传统,不同于资产阶级的意识形态,使青年马克思向成熟马克思的过渡变得顺利成章;成熟马克思主义的科学性和革命性同样有人道主义意蕴,反对马克思主义的人道主义就是反对马克思主义。     

金岳霖的外物观

金岳霖认为外物是独立存在的,一方面是以朴素实在论的出发立场所决定的,另一方面也与批判唯主方式有关。从一时一地的官觉现象出发的这种唯主方式方式得不到真正的外物,而只能推理或建立外物,但最终推理或建立外物也是不可能的。唯主方式产生的原因是寻求立于不败之地的要求和无可怀疑的出发原则造成的,其最终也必然陷入无限倒退的深渊而不可自拔。金岳霖认为必须要超越人类中心观和自我中心观,肯定外物的独立实在性才能真正解决外物问题。     

Testing process capability based on Cpm in the presence of random measurement errors

Process capability indices have been widely used in the manufacturing industry providing numerical measures on process performance. The index C_p provides measures on process precision (or product consistency). The index C_pm, sometimes called the Taguchi index, meditates on process centring ability and process loss. Most research work related to C_p and C_pm assumes no gauge measurement errors. This assumption insufficiently reflects real situations even with highly advanced measuring instruments. Conclusions drawn from process capability analysis are therefore unreliable and misleading. In this paper, we conduct sensitivity investigation on process capability C_p and C_pm in the presence of gauge measurement errors. Due to the randomness of variations in the data, we consider capability testing for C_p and C_pm to obtain lower confidence bounds and critical values for true process capability when gauge measurement errors are unavoidable. The results show that the estimator with sample data contaminated by the measurement errors severely underestimates the true capability, resulting in imperceptible smaller test power. To obtain the true process capability, adjusted confidence bounds and critical values are presented to practitioners for their factory applications.     

Hearts and minds: goal-orientation and intercultural communicative competence of ROTC cadets learning critical languages

ABSTRACT

This qualitative case study investigates the development of intercultural communicative competence (ICC) of US Reserve Officer Training Corps cadets and their goals in learning critical languages. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and data were examined through inductive, thematic analysis. Findings indicate that goals appeared in clusters, with mutually reinforcing goals of military application and personal pleasure. This process affected perceived ICC and gains in sociolinguistic competence, leading to change in attitudes and critical cultural awareness.     

Consent requires a relationship: rethinking group consent and its timing in ethnographic research

ABSTRACT

Activist groups in ethnographic research re-negotiated our Ethics Committee’s expected order of securing consent before data collection, demonstrating the importance of researchers taking time to build relationships first. Although the Ethics Committee expected us to obtain group consent, the literature provides little guidance on how to do this. We developed a Memorandum of Understanding to summarize what forms of participant observation each group agreed to and how we would reciprocate. In this article, we (re)conceptualize consent, using analogies to consent in social contract theory and sexual relations to offer a critical perspective on what constitutes consent. We argue that taking time to build relationships before expecting research participants to consent and replacing informed consent with a negotiated agreement is a more ethical approach. We advocate for Ethics Committees to expand the meaning of ‘informed consent’ and review its timing, especially for ethnographic research with groups.     

Visionary evaluation: Approaching Aboriginal ontological equity in water management evaluation

The 2017 Traditional Owner evaluation of the implementation of the Murray-Darling Basin Plan developed an approach to evaluation that tested the use of Standpoint Theory in the field of natural resource management. This methodological choice was intended to enable First Nation approaches to data generation and use in equal measure to non-indigenous approaches. The method is implemented as a nested, up-hierarchy of scale, enabling a pan-optican dimension of vision from "below" and "above". The paper does not present the evaluative results regarding the implementation of the Plan because that information is co-owned by the participating Nations for their uses. Instead, and in respect of that arrangement, the paper presents the evaluation practices funded by the Murray-Darling Basin Authority. The methodology was negotiated and implemented with the Nations in the pilot study as a co-production across cultural boundaries. The approach was then evaluated by the participants, and these results are reported. All those reviewing the methodology were directly involved in some aspect of the evaluation, 64 % of whom identified as Traditional Owners, 67 % of whom were involved in high level decision-making about the evaluation approach. Traditional Owners rated cultural competence of the tested approach at 68 %, the benefits of the approach at 75 %, satisfaction with the standard of the evaluation at 72 %, and satisfaction with complying with the Basin Plan’s requirements for evaluation at 78 %. Recommendations for broader engagement and better science communication are made.