Autism self-advocacy in the Netherlands: past,present and future

This article presents the results of participatory research into the roles and practices of autistic self-advocates in the Netherlands, and the outcomes of their activities. The article discusses the history of Dutch autism self-advocacy, situating it within the history and practices of self-advocacy internationally and the socio-cultural context of the Netherlands. Particular reference is made to Judi Chamberlin’s model for building effective self-advocacy organisations. Key findings include the scope of significant achievements, and the identification of barriers to efficacy in the areas of governance, personal and organisational capacity, relationships with other organisations, and coalition-building. The research concludes by considering what practices could serve to build increased capacity and efficacy, based on the experiences of these and other self-advocates.     

沈阳地区老年代谢综合征患病率流行病学调查

2007年沈阳地区65岁及以上老年人2730例,按国际糖尿病联盟（IDF）及中华糖尿病学会（CDS）建议诊断的代谢综合征及其各组分的患病率计为：65岁以上人群代谢综合征、高血压、高尿酸血症、糖尿病前期（包括IFG和IGT）、糖尿病（DM）、超重和（或）肥胖以及高三酰甘油血症患病粗率分别为23.19%,28.13%,29.12%,26.81%,10.82%,21.14%和14.14%,按照2000年第五次全国人口普查沈阳地区人口构成比进行标化后,上述各组分标化患病率分别为10.3%,11.1%,13.2%,12.3%,8.1%,10.8%和8.1%。     

Asperger's Coming Out of Our Ears: Making Sense of a Modern Epidemic

Asperger's syndrome (AS) as a diagnostic category has gained enormous popularity and the label is being applied with increasing liberality. While greater awareness of the disorder may be of advantage to certain children and their families, we argue that the over‐inclusive use of the diagnosis may also lead to professional conflicts and ethical dilemmas. Perhaps most concerning of these is that diagnostic ‘generosity’ may exclude children from treatments they would have received if an alternative formulation had been considered. We present clinical scenarios, with special consideration of contextual and intergenerational influences on the children's early lives, and offer alternative conceptualisations. We argue that the new ‘epidemic’ of Asperger's should not be allowed to compromise our professional standards. Assessment should always include a detailed family and developmental history. Finally, we would be interested in feedback from clinicians working in this field.     

核糖体失活蛋白及研究进展

核糖体失活蛋白是一类广泛存在于高等植物体内的能抑制核糖体功能的植物毒蛋白 ,分单链和双链两种 ,除了能使蛋白质合成受阻外 ,还具有抗生育、抗肿瘤和抗艾滋病病毒等诸多生物活性     

广西城市社区代谢综合征患者强化健康教育的干预研究

目的探索对广西城市社区代谢综合征的健康教育措施,观察强化健康教育对代谢综合征患者心脑血管事件发生的影响。方法以南宁市两个社区1215人为研究对象,按照随机分组的原则将其分成健康教育组和对照组。对健康教育组中的非住院代谢综合征者采取强化健康教育结合药物治疗进行干预,而对照组维持志愿就诊和志愿服药的日常医疗模式进行治疗,随访观察3年后两组代谢综合征患者血糖的情况和心脑血管事件发生情况。结果①3年后两组代谢综合征患者餐前血糖和餐后血糖较干预前明显降低(P<0·01),且健康教育组明显低于对照组(P<0·01)。②3年后两组代谢综合征患者血糖知晓率、健康教育组血糖控制率均较干预前明显升高(P<0·01),其中血糖知晓率和控制率健康教育组较对照组明显升高(P<0·01);3年后代谢综合征新发率健康教育组和较对照组明显减少(P<0·01)。③3年后本组代谢综合征患者心脑血管事件发生率高于非代谢综合征者(6·5%VS3·64%),其中对照组高于健康教育组,但均无统计学差异(P>0·05)。结论以代谢综合征健康教育为主导,辅以对代谢综合征患者的全程监测和管理的社区代谢综合征防治模式,可有效降低患者血糖水平和心脑血管事件发病风险,提高患者的生命质量。     

脑心通胶囊对急性冠脉综合征患者纤溶活性及内皮功能的影响

目的 探讨脑心通胶囊对急性冠脉综合征患者纤溶活性及内皮功能的影响.方法 随机分组,脑心通治疗组31例和对照组30例,ELISA测定急性冠脉综合征患者血浆vWF水平,用发色底物法测定血浆t-PA和PAI-Ⅰ的活性.结果 患者应用脑心通前后血浆vWF和PAI-Ⅰ水平显著降低,而t-PA活性则显著增加,与对照组比较有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论 脑心通胶囊可以改善急性冠脉综合征患者纤溶活性及内皮功能.     

A generalized estimating equation approach to modelling incompatible data formats with covariate measurement error: application to human immunodeficiency virus immune markers

The integration of technological advances into research studies often raises an issue of incompatibility of data. This problem is common to longitudinal and multicentre studies, taking the form of changes in the definitions, acquisition of data or measuring instruments of some study variables. In our case of studying the relationship between a marker of immune response to human immunodeficiency virus and human immunodeficiency virus infection status, using data from the Multi-Center AIDS Cohort Study, changes in the manufactured tests used for both variables occurred throughout the study, resulting in data with different manufactured scales. In addition, the latent nature of the immune response of interest necessitated a further consideration of a measurement error component. We address the general issue of incompatibility of data, together with the issue of covariate measurement error, in a unified, generalized linear model setting with inferences based on the generalized estimating equation framework. General conditions are constructed to ensure consistent estimates and their variances for the primary model of interest, with the asymptotic behaviour of resulting estimates examined under a variety of modelling scenarios. The approach is illustrated by modelling a repeated ordinal response with incompatible formats, as a function of a covariate with incompatible formats and measurement error, based on the Multi-Center AIDS Cohort Study data.     

Effectiveness of potent antiretroviral therapy on progression of human immunodeficiency virus: Bayesian modelling and model checking via counterfactual replicates

Summary.  We analyse data from a seroincident cohort of 457 homosexual men who were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, followed within the multicentre Italian Seroconversion Study. These data include onset times to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), longitudinal measurements of CD4⁺ T-cell counts taken on each subject during the AIDS-free period of observation and the period of administration of a highly active antiretro- viral therapy (HAART), for the subset of individuals who received it. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of HAART on the course of the disease. We analyse the data by a Bayesian model in which the sequence of longitudinal CD4⁺ cell count observations and the associated time to AIDS are jointly modelled at an individual subject's level as depending on the treatment. We discuss the inferences obtained about the efficacy of HAART, as well as modelling and computation difficulties that were encountered in the analysis. These latter motivate a model criticism stage of the analysis, in which the model specification of CD4⁺ cell count progression and of the effect of treatment are checked. Our approach to model criticism is based on the notion of a counterfactual replicate data set Z ^c . This is a data set with the same shape and size as the observed data, which we might have observed by rerunning the study in exactly the same conditions as the actual study if the treated patients had not been treated at all. We draw samples of Z ^c from a null model M ₀, which assumes absence of treatment effect, conditioning on data collected in each subject before initiation of treatment. Model checking is performed by comparing the observed data with a set of samples of Z ^c drawn from M ₀.     

The Success of the Battered Woman Syndrome: An Analysis of How Cultural Arguments Succeed

This paper examines how certain cultural arguments gain the authority necessary to explain the social problem of domestic violence. I begin by demonstrating the existence of competing explanations for the question of why abusive relationships continue. I find that a certain kind of explanation, multiple victimization arguments that emphasize the numerous ways battered women are victimized, are most common. Through an analysis of social science citations, news papers, and legislative and judicial decisions, I conclude that one multiple victimization argument in particular, Lenore Walker's battered woman syndrome (Walker, 1979, The Battered Woman. New York: Harper & Row; Walker, 1984, The Battered Woman Syndrome. New York: Springer), has become the most recognized explanation for why abusive relationships continue. The syndrome was best able to meet the criteria necessary for gaining cultural authority put forth by Schudson (1989, Theory and Society 18:153–180): retrievability, rhetorical force, resonance, resolution, and institutional retention. In recent years, however, this authority has been threatened as social and cultural conditions have changed, leaving competing understandings of the domestic violence issue to challenge Walker's claims.