形象诗学视野中的日常生活

日常生活审美化是现代社会物质文明高度发达所引发的生活的艺术化形态。但它要求的不是艺术的内蕴,而是艺术的形式,因此,导致了文学作品的物质化、平面化和猎奇化倾向。这样的文学作品缺乏对日常生活的穿越和提升,缺乏对文学内部机制的深刻把握,也缺乏对文学超越品格的追求。文学形象是内视形象,是人们确立自己心灵存在的最好方式。     

职业流动的途径及其相关因素对上海市劳动力市场的实证分析

“职业流动”是经济学和社会学共同关注的重要主题之一。对于这一现象,经济学家往往站在“理性人”的角度上,把劳动者解释为追求利益最大化的“理性”行动者(霍夫曼,1989:20),流动与否、采用何种途径流动以及相应的结果都是其理性决策的过程。在他们看来,劳动者的职业流动如果不是因为劳动力市场产生了职位空缺需要有人去填补(White, 1970; Tuma & Hannan, 1984),就是因为劳动者预计流动后的收益大于不流动的收益(陆铭,2002:135 137)。但在社会学家看来,这些解释显然不够充分,因为他们发现职业流动中劳动者的行为往往混杂着对非经济目标的…     

从《红与黑》到《红黑》

通过比较丁玲1920年代参与编辑的《中央日报·红与黑》文艺副刊、《红黑》月刊的编辑宗旨、运作策略,探讨了商业背景下二者之间内在承继与嬗变过程及其原因。     

Constants and variables: Pareto's asymmetric distribution curve

The article sets out the classic Paretian theory of income distribution. As it does so, it seeks to highlight the constant elements in the human faculties represented, at aggregate level, by the invariability and persistence of the asymmetric income curve, and the variable elements connected with the same curve and manifest in upward and downward mobility – what Pareto calls ‘circulation’. The two theorems arising from Pareto's discovery constitute a specific theory of development which has been confirmed from two points of view: in the positive sense of development when – as in the West – the second theorem has been applied (also independently of Pareto) with the connected theory of the entrepreneur and innovation in democratic regimes; but also in the negative sense of underdevelopment, with the destruction of wealth and the consequent general impoverishment, when expropriation policies have been implemented in despotic regimes, or excessive taxation in others.     

中国城乡居民代际收入流动分析

利用CGSS提供的中国28个省区微观调查数据,应用Atkinson回归模型和转移矩阵两种度量代际收入流动性的方法,研究了中国2005年的城乡居民代际收入流动性及其影响因素。研究发现：代际收入在不同的分类下流动弹性并不大,其中城市的流动高于农村;东、中、西部的流动弹性呈现逐渐递减趋势。利用转移矩阵对流动性进行测度,研究表明：总体的代际收入流动有一种保持效应,即从最低等级转向高一等级的概率较小,从最高等级转向低一等级的概率也较小,总体的不同等级间的流动性较差。性别、年龄、受教育年限和家庭背景对个人收入的高低起着积极的作用。     

Extreme value and cluster analysis of European daily temperature series

Time series of daily mean temperature obtained from the European Climate Assessment data set is analyzed with respect to their extremal properties. A time-series clustering approach which combines Bayesian methodology, extreme value theory and classification techniques is adopted for the analysis of the regional variability of temperature extremes. The daily mean temperature records are clustered on the basis of their corresponding predictive distributions for 25-, 50- and 100-year return values. The results of the cluster analysis show a clear distinction between the highest altitude stations, for which the return values are lowest, and the remaining stations. Furthermore, a clear distinction is also found between the northernmost stations in Scandinavia and the stations in central and southern Europe. This spatial structure of the return period distributions for 25-, 50- and 100-years seems to be consistent with projected changes in the variability of temperature extremes over Europe pointing to a different behavior in central Europe than in northern Europe and the Mediterranean area, possibly related to the effect of soil moisture and land-atmosphere coupling.     

语言流中的文学语言

文学的科学化诉求引发了划分文学语言与非文学语言的冲动。在文论史上,理论家们曾尝试区分日常语言与文学语言、标准语与诗语言及科学语言与诗语言的差异。这些区分一般倾向于在静态框架之内展开。从动态观点来看,日常语言与文学语言之间存在着相互转化;标准语和诗语言之间呈现为相互支撑;科学语言与诗语言之间体现为逻各斯与神话的对立互补。从发生学角度看,语言就是那种在持续流动中减损消逝并增补更新着的事物。语言的内在流变性证明,任何关于文学语言本质的抽象和规定都是不可能的。     

Asymmetries in the opportunity structure. Intergenerational mobility trends in Europe

It remains unclear whether social mobility is increasing in the advanced nations. The answer may depend on mobility patterns within very recent birth cohorts. We use the inter-generational module in the 2005 EU-SILC which allows us to include more recent cohorts. Comparing across two Nordic and three Continental European countries, we estimate inter-generational mobility trends for sons both indirectly, via social origin effects on educational attainment, and directly in terms of adult income attainment. In line with other studies we find substantially more mobility in Scandinavia, but also that traditionally less mobile societies, like Spain, are moving towards greater equality. We focus particularly on non-linear relations. Most interestingly, we reveal evident asymmetries in the process of equalizing life chances, in Denmark. The disadvantages associated with low social class origins have largely disappeared, but the advantages related to privileged origins persist.     

辽宋西夏金时期族际饮食文化交流略论

辽宋西夏金时期,中国境内不同经济形态的各民族,在饮食文化相互交流的过程中,明显表现出农耕民族饮食与游牧民族饮食的交融。一方面,农耕民族以谷物食品为主的主食不但在游牧民族的日常生活中占据越来越重要的地位,而且副食、果品、饮品等对游牧民族也产生了广泛的影响。另一方面,作为游牧民族主食的乳肉制品,逐渐成为农耕民族的副食品种,游牧民族副食蔬果类的某些品种、饮食器具,尤其是合餐制的饮食方式对农耕民族也产生了不同程度的影响。同时,相同经济形态的民族,其饮食文化也往往各具特色,并在民族和地区间相互交流。饮食文化在日常生活中的族际交流,不但推动了各民族生活方式的发展和社会经济的进步,而且有力地促进了各民族相互认同意识的发展。     

农民工与留守子女日常沟通问题研究

通过大规模问卷调查及访谈发现,农民工与留守子女日常沟通中存在的一般问题包括:较低的沟通频率影响留守子女包容需要的满足,沟通方式单一化导致对留守子女的过分控制,沟通内容功利化不足以满足留守子女情感需求;其技术层面的问题包括:农民工及留守子女对语言交际原则的理解比较欠缺,语言交际能力总体较弱,对语境化要求的忽视导致留守儿童产生反感情绪,对留守子女需求的误读致使农民工不太注意会话策略.据此,提出了微观环境中提升农民工和留守子女的参与能力,中环境方面增强留守子女的联结,外环境方面构建适宜的支持网络以及宏观环境提供合理的沟通培训等对策.