Im/mobile highly skilled migrants in Qatar*

Most studies on the mobility of highly skilled migrants have been examined with a framework of global talent mobility and under conditions of neoliberal governance and economic globalization. In this study we challenge the notion of the hypermobile knowledge worker. Utilizing mixed methods, we examine the factors that attracted highly skilled migrants to Qatar and the conditions under which they might leave in the future. Rather than finding a group of footloose migrants attracted primarily to high-wage jobs, a lack of taxation or amenities, and with multiple alternative locations of residence, we find that highly skilled migrants exist on a spectrum of immobility. More significantly, this immobility depends on the migrant’s region of origin. For Asian and Western migrants immobility is attributed to the Kafala system or employer sponsorship, which hinders occupational and spatial mobility and ties workers to their sponsors. Arab highly skilled migrants are especially affected by lack of security and stability in their home countries, which makes these workers involuntarily immobile. The former group seem to be willing to accept a reduced level of agency and mobility for high income, whereas for the latter security and stability are more fundamental to their decision to come to Qatar.     

Public sector managers: the decision to leave or remain in a job

The public sector faces a grave problem as far as managerial retention as the result of the increasing number of retirements and of voluntary resignations. Despite the vital interest in managerial turnover in the public sector, research is scarce. This study, which increases our understanding of why public sector managers leave their positions, takes a qualitative and narrative research approach in examining voluntary turnover. Interviews were conducted with operations managers (in education, social care, and technical activities) at three Swedish municipalities. We identify a multitude of environment push and pull factors with a focus on administrative support, supervisory support and illegitimate tasks. The narratives of managerial turnover reveal the complexity of the decision to leave or remain in a job, containing a mixture of push and pull factors, negative feelings, unmet expectations and extraordinary events. Three possible HRD actions to decrease undesirable managerial turnover are identified: re-work organizational structures; re-model job characteristics; and re-examine managerial turnover decisions as a long and complex process. Our hope is that the findings are used for ultimately create healthy organizations.     

明代诗论中的易学命题--“富有”、“日新”的理学诠释与诗学影响

《周易?系辞》所说的“富有之谓大业,日新之谓盛德”是一个被不断赋予新内涵的理论命题。张载、朱熹的阐释表现出不同的思维方式和思想观念,渗透到文学领域,成为明代文学复古派诗论的重要理论支柱。何景明和王世贞多承张载之说,强调“义理一贯”以简化法度,李梦阳和李攀龙则多沿朱熹之论,看重“藏用”和“显仁”的辩证关系,坚信“变化”、“日新”是循序渐进的必然结果。     

在政治与日常生活之间——《创业史》与《从两个蛋开始》的对读比较研究

同样是对于建国后中国农村生活的表现,同样是陕西本土作家,但柳青的《创业史》却与杨争光的《从两个蛋开始》有着明显的区别:《创业史》的根本特征是日常生活的政治化,而《从两个蛋开始》的根本特征却是政治的日常生活化。     

作为日常语言的“理论”与作为学术语言的“理论”——新世纪中国文论研究中一种值得辨析的混淆

新世纪以来,在文化研究持续影响下,中国文论界关于学科性质的反思正趋深入。但各种相关讨论时常微妙地混淆着"理论"一词作为日常语言的意义与作为学术语言的意义,从而妨碍着持不同立场的学者间对话的有效性。作为日常语言的"理论",在希腊语言与拉丁语言中都并不是形而上学的同义语,而是一种超越常识却最终仍回归着常识、联系着实践、实现着抽象逻辑与生活世界的有机统一的思想活动,在形而上学与形而上层面上,分别具有不同特征。作为学术语言的"理论",则是20世纪西方文论发展中一个特定阶段,需要被置于文学理论、理论与后理论这一错综学术嬗变格局中,主要从文化批评理论的角度加以特定的理解。两种语言意义最为根本的区别在于:在日常语言中,文学理论是理论的一部分;在学术语言中,理论则是文学理论的一部分。经此辨析,这两种语言意义才可互为参照系,实现在"理论之后"背景下的有效互补,从而发展出我们自己面向新世纪、具有积极前景的后理论。     

Race and exits from white collar jobs: Differences in downward mobility processes among African American, Latino, and White males

Does race affect the route to downward mobility from white collar occupations? Data from Panel Study of Income Dynamics are used to assess the minority vulnerability thesis, which maintains there are race-specific processes of down ward occupational mobility among males from white collar occupations. Findings indicate that, consistent with theory, a racialized continuum exists across six years of the work-career. For Whites, the path to downward mobility is relatively narrow and structured by traditional stratification-based causal factors, namely, human capital, back ground socioeconomic status, and job/labor market characteristics. For African Americans, the route to downward mobility is broad-based and not captured by traditional stratification factors and Latinos occupy an intermediate ground between Whites and African Americans. Further, as predicted by theory, the racial gap in mobility processes between Whites and racial minorities is pronounced at the lower-tier of white collar employment. Finally, implications of the findings for understanding labor market inequalities on the basis of race are discussed.     

农村人口流迁动因研究评说

关于乡—城人口流迁的动因,历来为国内外学者所重视,研究成果颇多。那么迄今为止,都有哪些关于人口流迁动因的理论和观点?这些理论和观点能否完全解释20世纪80年代中后期中国的农村人口流迁现象?这些众多的理论和观点可以概括为三种:第一,宏观社会结构影响说;第二,生存与发展困境说;第三,劳动力剩余说。这三派观点各自都在自己所限定的范围内从一般意义上较为可信地解释了农村人口流迁的原因,但是由于方法论上的整体主义与个体主义的矛盾等原因,这些观点又有其局限性,因此,我们在借鉴这些观点解释20世纪80年代中后期以来中国农民的流迁动因的时候,应持审慎的态度。     

日常生活叙事与当代上海文学

日常生活叙事在上海现代文学中有其独特性。建国后,上海作为资产阶级思想的集聚地,处于被改造的境地,日常生活由此被纳入社会整体目标下,失去了独特性。80年代中后期,上海文学中的日常生活在回归中发展,展露出积极向上的生存理念。进入90年代,上海文学中的日常生活呈现出多种姿态。本文对上海当代文学中的日常生活的发展流变作一总体的描述,并力图揭示其中所蕴含的精神嬗变。     

社会流动机制的转变对农村生育率的影响

随着我国由计划经济向市场经济转型、从传统社会向现代社会转变,农民的社会流动机制发生了变迁。社会流动机制的转变必然导致经济、社会诸多变量的变动,而经济和社会变量的变化又影响着生育行为。本文从宏观层面探讨了社会流动机制的变迁对农村生育率的影响。     

拓展高校思想政治教育的四结合

以说 理 教育 为主 导 、以灌 输 宣教 为 手段 、以 活动 为载 体 的高 校思 想 政治 教育 现 行模 式 ,曾取 得 不俗 的运 行 效果 。然而着时 代 的发 展,这 一 模式 运 行秩 序正 常的 表 象已 蕴 含着 教育 者 与受 教育 者 的冲 突,实效 趋弱 。 要增 强活 力 ,必 须多 维度 地拓思想 政 治教 育与 大学 生 实际 问 题解 决的 相 结合 。也 唯 有探 寻与 大 学生 日常 管 理、心 理 健康 教育 、网 络行 为 指导 、就 业指 导结的道 路 ,才能 增 强高 校思 想 政治 教育 的 主动 性、实效 性、时代 性 、实 用性 。