Income mobility among the elderly in Sweden during the 1990s

Using a large panel dataset, this article investigates the degree of, and explanatory factors for, income mobility amongst the elderly in Sweden during the 1990s. It contributes to literature on welfare indicators for the older population as it supplements the welfare picture of the income adequacy with insights into income certainty during old age. Our methodological approach is to work with the administrative register data for Sweden, and this allows us to use a reliable record of incomes for a large sample of the elderly. Results for Sweden-born and foreign-born elderly persons are analysed separately and compared with corresponding groups of people of working age. Not surprisingly, nearly all of our results indicate that the income of the older population is more stable than that of the working age population, and upward income mobility is not as usual among the elderly as among other groups. The multivariate regression analyses identify several explanatory factors affecting those elderly who experienced income mobility. Most importantly, the death of a spouse increases the probability of downward income mobility, particularly amongst women. These and other findings of this research point to triggers of income poverty in old age that should be taken into account in policies concerned with the level and indexation of retirement income of future pensioners.     

基于PSTR模型的地区间资本流动能力研究

 本文首次采用面板平滑转换模型对我国地区间资本流动能力进行了检验，考察了经济增长率、开放度和经济规模对资本流动性的影响。研究表明，我国各省FH系数具有明显的异质性，投资率和储蓄率具有显著的非线性关系。经济增长越快，FH系数越高，表明收入增长促进了本地投资；地区经济规模越大，FH系数越低，说明经济发达地区的资本流动性更大；开放度的影响不显著。本文估计出了我国各省历年的FH系数，由于受到宏观因素的冲击，各省的FH系数表现出共同变动的特征，表明宏观政策对国内资本流动具有重要的影响。     

时间和收入来源对城市居民收入分配差距的影响——对深圳市城市居民家庭收入变动性和收入来源的实证研究

 目前对中国收入分配差距的研究大多是静态的测度某一时点的居民收入不平等程度，缺乏对收入随时间变化的模式和收入来源结构的深入研究。本文使用深圳市2005年和2006年的城市居民抽样调查数据对中国城市居民家庭的收入变动性和收入来源结构进行了研究。收入变动性和收入来源多元化从本质上反映了机会公平的程度，深圳市的实证数据表明，现阶段中国城市居民的收入变动性和收入来源多元化使长期收入不平等程度小于短期收入不平等程度，家庭总收入的不平等程度小于单一收入来源的不平等程度。因此，进一步深化改革，建立完善的市场经济体系，关注机会公平是在收入分配领域构建和谐社会的有效途径。     

盐酸多奈哌齐联合高压氧对轻、中度血管性痴呆患者认知功能和日常生活能力的影响

目的探讨盐酸多奈哌齐联合高压氧治疗轻、中度血管性痴呆的疗效。方法入选40例患者随机分为盐酸多奈哌齐联合高压氧组和对照组,治疗前后分别使用MMSE及ADL评估疗效。结果盐酸多奈哌齐联合高压氧组治疗后MMSE得分明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）,ADL得分低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论盐酸多奈哌齐联合高压氧是治疗轻、中度血管性痴呆的理想方法。     

第五代中的个例--论黄建新的电影

在论及中国大陆电影时,我们必然会提及第五代导演.然而"第五代"作为一个集体名词,显然是无法涵盖其每个成员的特点的,如黄建新.他作为第五代中的一个个例,始终关注着当代中国都市和都市人的生活,并且善于在琐碎平凡的场景中微言大义.在艺术手法上,黄建新是一个空间感很强的导演,常常用造型依托来寓意人生的哲理,加强影片的象征意味.对人物心理的透彻剖析,对人物心态丝丝入扣的把握是黄建新电影的又一重要特征.所有这些特点综合起来,形成了独具魅力的黄建新电影.     

论杜诗的“故国平居有所思”

"故国平居有所思"不等于"追忆故国平居"(陈寅恪语);"故国平居有所思"是杜甫全部诗格、人格的写照;以"乱离叙述"为诗、以人之欲求入诗,奠定了杜诗的不朽地位。     

Family Adaptations to Income and Job Loss in the U.S.

Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this study examines the extent to which families experience major economic setbacks and how they respond. Families that experience a substantial loss of income or work hours are more likely to cut back on expenditures, receive public assistance, experience divorce or separation, and move. No evidence that partners are able to compensate for a major income loss by increasing their work hours was found. Initial conditions, such as income and assets, the unemployment rate of the area, and race, affect how a family adapts. Families with fewer resources and those who live in areas of high unemployment are more likely to rely on public assistance, and they are less likely to move, increase the work hours of the female head of household, or cut food expenditures.     

Defining Spirituality of Work

There is a current surge of writings on spirituality and related topics. For instance, Woodward (1997) has pointed out that since Thomas Moore's publication of Care of the Soul in 1994 there have been nearly 800books published with the word soul in the title. These run all the way from Chicken Soup for theWoman's Soul (Canfield et al., 1996) to A Guide to Liberating YourSoul (Barrett, 1995). Spirituality of work is a big part of this surge. Definitionsof spirituality of work seem to vary widely. Bowman (1998, p. 8) in his `reviewof the phenomenon of spirituality of work' found `Definitions of the term spirituality in the context of the Spirituality of Work troublesome and particularly subjective. Many writers do not even attempt definitions.' The purpose of this article is to review the concept of spirituality of work in its historical and current use and to propose a comprehensive definition.     

试论微型小说的新闻性

微型小说又叫“信息小说”、“新闻小说”。它与新闻艺术既有明显的区别,又有很多相似之处,具有显著的新闻性特征。它以自己独特的魅力,日益受到读者的喜爱。     

Are state mindfulness and state work engagement related during the workday?

Given the growing interest in mindfulness in the workplace and the established importance of work engagement for work-related health and well-being, we explore the relationships between these 2 positive psychological states as they vary naturalistically over the workday. Utilising data from 3 measurement occasions per day (before work, mid-workday, and end-workday), we track natural variations in state mindfulness and state work engagement to create a fine-grained picture about their reciprocal relationships within the workday. A sample of 94 university employees completed multiple diary entries per day, for 10 working days. Data were analysed using multilevel structural equation modelling in MPlus, testing within-person pathways between mindfulness and work engagement across the day. Although state work engagement was a predictor of subsequent state mindfulness, state mindfulness did not predict subsequent state work engagement when controlling for earlier within-day work engagement. Overall, the within-day associations between mindfulness and work engagement were weak. We note the high within-day stabilities of state mindfulness and state work engagement, and discuss whether job and personal resources as well as task features might be moderators in the relationships between these constructs.