Normal mixture method for stock daily returns over different sub-periods

In this paper, the normal mixture model, as an alternative distribution, is utilized to represent the characteristics of stock daily returns over different bull and bear markets. Firstly, we conduct the normality test for the return data and compare the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics of normal mixture models with different components. Secondly, we analyze the likely reasons why parameters change over different sub-periods. Our empirical examination proves that majority of the data series reject the normality assumption and mixture models with three components can model the behavior of daily returns more appropriately and steadily. This result has both statistical and economic significance.     

二元分割体制下城镇劳动力市场中的工作流动及其收入效应

基于中国家庭追踪调查两期数据（CFPS 2010、2012）和动态研究视角,本文系统分析和讨论了当今体制二元分割下的劳动力市场状况,以及由此产生的工作流动的发生机制及其经济后果,提出体制分割成为影响劳动力市场机会结构和经济后果不平等的重要集体性中介因素。体制对工作流动产生了三方面的影响：体制的稳定性效应,即为其成员提供内部庇护,从而降低体制内工作流动率;体制的收入效应,即与体制外流动相比,体制内工作流动会导致更高的收入增长;体制的壁垒效应,即体制阻止和排斥体制外的劳动力发生跨体制流动,从而影响工作流动的方向。经过使用倾向值匹配、IPTW等统计技术控制样本选择性后,分析结果显示,体制分割的这三方面效应均呈显著影响,且结果稳健。本文将体制分割与工作流动过程相结合,探讨体制对劳动力市场分割的动态作用,有助于更全面地理解当前劳动力市场中的分层与流动现状。     

试论微型小说的新闻性

微型小说又叫“信息小说”、“新闻小说”。它与新闻艺术既有明显的区别,又有很多相似之处,具有显著的新闻性特征。它以自己独特的魅力,日益受到读者的喜爱。     

现代化视野的农民日常生活：困惑与矫正

日常生活世界是以个体为主体,呈现个体劳动和生活关系的,以劳动、日常消费、日常交往、日常观念等内容的实践活动塑造的最直接的有意义、有价值的生存世界。在现代化和全球化的影响和冲击下,当前中国农民的日常生活世界正处于传统一困惑一解放的过程中。通过对农民观念的保守自在、人的世界与物的世界的不和谐、人与自身的不和谐等三方面的困惑分析,提出开放自我,用实践解放人来实现中国农民日常生活世界的解放。     

Credential inflation and educational strategies: A comparison of the United States and the Netherlands

This paper analyzes the trend in the effect of education on social class attainment, and uses this information to test hypotheses on the impact of credential inflation on educational decision making in the United States and the Netherlands. After having shown evidence for credential inflation of three educational transitions, it was shown that credential inflation between two generations increased the likelihood of making a transition into tertiary education in the Netherlands, and into high school completion and into 4-year university degrees in the United States. This supports the theory that education functions as a positional good, and if education loses value people need more of it in order to reach the same social class as their parents. Cross-national variation is explained with the theory that education in the United States functions more as a positional good than it does in the Netherlands.     

Extracting the causal component from the intergenerational correlation in unemployment

This paper examines the intergenerational correlation in unemployment in Norway and discusses and estimates two approaches for extracting the causal component: sibling differences and the use of parental unemployment occurring after the child’s outcome as control for the unobserved family heterogeneity. Confirming existing evidence, I find a substantial intergenerational correlation in unemployment. Almost half of this is due to observed family heterogeneity. The causal effect is found to be statistically insignificant by both identification strategies, but while the estimated effect is negative on the sample made for the sibling-difference approach, this finding is not replicated on a less selective sample.

Notions of self: lived realities of children with disabilities

To research children’s notions of self, semi‐structured interviews, drawings and focused group discussions were used with 14 children with mobility ‘impairments’ aged 11–16 years. The objective was to capture children’s ‘lived realities’. Findings illuminated immense variation and fluidity in children’s understanding of ‘disability’. Children desired to appear similar to ‘non‐disabled’ children. Most attributed ‘disability’ to existential causes. Parents’ ambivalent attitudes and societal reactions to ‘disabled’ children are discussed. The study points out the unremitting hope and potential of these children, which is often silenced by the overarching ‘negativism’ that surrounds ‘disability’.     

Feeling European: an exploration of ethnic disparities among immigrants

Over the last 20 years, European identity has become a key topic widely investigated in social sciences. However, most research has only focused on EU nationals and EU immigrants, neglecting the fact that a substantial segment of citizens in Europe are non-EU immigrants. This article explores the differences between and within EU and non-EU immigrant groups in terms of European identity and potential factors behind these differences. Based on the 2013 IAB-SOEP Migration Sample of first generation immigrants in Germany (N?=?2581), this paper reveals that non-EU immigrants tend to identify as European – even if to a lesser extent than EU immigrants. Moreover it provides a systematic comparative exploration of different factors possibly able to foster a European identity among EU and non-EU immigrants. It reveals, for instance, that religious affiliation has no significant impact but that spatial mobility is especially important in accounting for patterns in ethnic disparities in the endorsement of a European identity. Furthermore, this article illuminates a positive association between European identity and identity with the receiving society among both EU and non-EU immigrants as well as a positive association between European identity and identification with the origin country among EU immigrants.     

工作转换对农民工职业流动的影响效应

农民工就业流动频繁已经成为当前劳动力市场的普遍现象和重要特征,而工作转换能否带来农民工职业向上流动,实现职业地位提升？文章采用RUMIC面板数据,进一步估计工作转换对农民工职业流动方向的影响。结果发现：工作转换对职业流动产生显著负效应,工作转换导致农民工职业向下流动,职业流动没有呈现“U”型特征,但存在一定的跨期效应,重新定义工作转换进行稳健性检验仍然支持这一结论。而从根本上消除劳动力市场的制度壁垒,强化农民工职业技能培训,无疑是未来劳动力市场政策调整的主要方向。     

劳动力流动对京津冀区域经济发展差距的影响

推动京津冀区域协同发展已成为当前我国经济发展的重要战略任务。京津冀区域经济发展中的较大差距,不利于区域协同发展战略目标的实现。劳动力作为重要的投入要素之一,分析其流动对京津冀区域经济增长和地区差距的影响具有重要的现实意义。本文根据可计算一般均衡（ CGE）模型的建模原理与参数估计方法,运用GAMS程序分析了劳动力流动对京津冀区域经济增长及地区差距的影响。分析结果表明,劳动力流动促进了京津冀经济增长,缩小了区域内人均消费水平的地区差距,但区域内人均GDP的差距并未明显改善。