新型城镇化背景下农民工社会分层与流动现状

利用2012年全国流动人口动态监测数据、2013年西安交通大学“新型城镇化与可持续发展”课题组深圳调查数据,基于新型城镇化背景,结合十大阶层理论,调整社会阶层划分方法;透过横向、纵向两个维度,户籍、代际、代内三重视角,综合考察农民工的社会分层与流动现状。分析结果显示：农民工阶层结构呈“金字塔型”,普遍分布于蓝领、雇员阶层;多数农民工通过进城务工实现上升流动,城镇打工期间则以平层流动为主;农民工阶层体系的平等性、公平性和开放性虽有较大改观,但与城镇居民尚存一定差距。当代农民工群体已经分化,“社会封闭”“阶层固化”“结构化与再生产”趋势初步显现,“碎片化”和“集团化”特征尚未出现。据此,提出相应的政策建议。     

The Future of HRD Research: A SWOT analysis by five leading scholars in the field

This article presents a review of the 11th International Conference on Human Resource Development Research and Practice across Europe through the lens of global mobility. The conference was held in Pécs, Hungary in June, 2010 and the four authors who participated in the conference present their own narratives as agents of global mobility, examine the theme of global mobility in the various aspects of the conference, and conclude with reflections on the factors that supported the learning environment at the conference.     

俗与趣：徐渭诗歌的新视域

徐渭的诗歌创作曾因袁宏道的推崇而获"明诗第一"的评价,除了公认的奇崛险怪等特征外,日常生活琐事进入诗歌、个人情感毫无遮掩地表露、童心天趣感悟生活、语言清新平白而又出人意表等特征又是其诗歌展示的俗与趣的新视域,从中我们可看出明诗由雅至俗的变迁。     

当代中国生活美学语境中的“生活”辨析

20世纪80年代中国美学界开始关注“生活美学”。2000年以前的“生活关学”研究关在生活中的存在领域;2000年以后的“生活美学”把“生活”分为“日常生活”与“非日常生活”,并把“美的活动”定位在两者之间。这些研究都不能从根本上解决“生活美学”的基本问题“美”与“生活”之关系。引入马克思的“类生活”观可以发现,“美”乃“生活”应有之义,人类自由的、自觉的、有意识的充满乐趣的生命活动就是“美”的“生活”。     

教育扩招促进了代际流动?

本文基于中国综合社会调查的数据,以改革开放后参加工作的群体为研究对象,实证分析了中国高等教育扩招对代际流动的影响。研究发现,没有充足证据证明教育扩招促进了代际流动。一方面,尽管教育在扩张前后始终是决定个人社会经济地位高低的最重要因素,但教育扩招没有显著改善教育机会不均等问题,从而也无法减弱家庭背景以教育为中介对子女初职社会经济地位的间接影响,带来代际流动的改善。另一方面,教育扩招的结构化效应不显著,大学毕业生面临的劳动力市场并非完全遵循绩效原则,因此,即便教育扩招提高了他们在社会总人口中的相对比例,也无法带来社会整体代际流动的改善。因此,发挥教育扩招促进代际流动的功能,不仅要强调教育机会的分配公平问题,同时也要努力完善劳动力市场建设,促进就业机会均等。     

Predicting unemployment: Occupational aspiration–achievement discrepancy as a risk factor in Norwegian young adults

Research on risk of unemployment has focused primarily on the importance of individual assets, such as level of education achieved and personal characteristics. This study investigated whether a discrepancy between current occupational position and occupational aspirations predicts unemployment. Achieving occupational aspirations may be highly important for young people in Western societies. The analyses were conducted using longitudinal survey data linked to register data on 1,681 Norwegian young adults. The results showed that being in an occupation with lower status than the occupation to which one aspires significantly predicts the risk of later unemployment. The findings accord with research suggesting that a mismatch between employees’ subjective expectations and their actual job situation has negative consequences. For example, failure to acquire a job that matches one's expectations may lead to unemployment either through proactive behaviour, such as quitting a current job to find a new one, or through giving up, such as withdrawing from work.     

Forum 4: the environmental privilege of borders in the anthropocene

ABSTRACT

Mobility can indicate a powerful or privileged relationship with one’s environment. The ability to exercise mobility or not (of oneself or others) is an exertion of power that demarcates where particular people belong and under what kind of environmental conditions. This essay focuses on the significance of borders in creating environmental privilege in the Anthropocene. Environmental privilege is accrued through the exercise of economic, political, and cultural power that enables the construction of exclusive environmental amenities such as clean air and water, open space, and safe neighborhoods. For years, environmental justice scholars have revealed the burdens and oppressive conditions associated with environmental inequality, but few studies consider the flipside of that reality. We argue that environmental privileges enjoyed by some rest upon the manipulation of the mobility of others – human and nonhuman. We believe border making will come under greater pressure as the effects of climate change increase, and the volume of resources required to maintain exclusive spaces intensifies. Continued mass migration will bring heightened anxieties about national identity and calls for greater border enforcement, despite the reality that borders – both literal and figurative – consistently fail to alleviate migratory pressures while exacerbating the effects of climate change and environmental injustice. Our research shows that greater ecological instability increases efforts to create privatized places as pristine spaces untouched by global turmoil, thereby reinforcing those social forces that produce environmental injustices in the first place.     

对当代大众文化及其研究的审美伦理思考

当代大众文化作为一种新兴的文化现象,在我们的现代化-现代性进程中表现出了从未有过的复杂性,成为我们目前文化建设事业中一个引人关注和讨论的理论热点。从审美伦理的立场和视线对大众文化的性质给予肯定,也对其中的问题进行分析,并对理论界的相关研究进行反思。     

留守经历与新工人的工作流动——农民工生产体制如何使自身面临困境

本文批评了“农民工”和“留守儿童”两种研究问题意识割裂的现状。通过对 “农民工权益保护理论与实践研究”调查数据的分析,本文试图在两种问题之间建立系统性的关联。研究发现,有留守经历的新工人相比其同辈群体更频繁地转换工作。对工种性质进行进一步划分后的统计模型表明,体力工种相对非体力工种、非熟练工种相对熟练/半熟练工种,有留守经历的新工人相比其同辈群体,表现出更高的工作流动性。这说明有留守经历的工人更难适应世界工厂高强度、异化的劳动方式。父母外出打工造成亲子分离,儿童家庭责任感淡薄,但也带来更优越的经济条件和更少的务农经历,由此共同导致了有留守经历的工人频繁的工作流动。留守经历是“拆分型农民工生产体制”的产物,但某种程度上它又加剧了这一体制持续运行所面临的困境。逐步赋予工人公民权,修复家庭生活,是解决系统性危机的基本立足点。     

广西北部湾经济区上市公司营运资金日常管理问题与对策研究

目前,广西北部湾经济区上市公司营运资金日常管理普遍存在短期偿债能力不足、结构不太合理、营运能力较弱的问题,因此,应从制定科学合理的营运资金政策、针对营运资金各构成项目的特点制定具体的管理措施、财务部门与业务部门紧密配合等角度加强营运资金的日常管理。