从职业流动看失业与再就业问题

从职业流动视角来看,失业具有无流动性、下向流动性和被迫性;失业阻滞在于职业流动的规模不大,制度约束性太强和观念滞后;再就业具有上向流动性和主动性;再就业机制是一个由经济驱动机制、制度改革机制、就业观念转变机制和劳动力自由流动机制构成的综合性、动态性结构体系。     

产业集群中内生知识溢出和知识员工流动的博弈分析

企业有着自主透露知识的动机,即内生的知识溢出。基于产业集群中相互关联的内生知识溢出和知识员工流动构建一个双寡头的三阶段博弈模型,通过采用逆向归纳法求解的结论表明:在均衡中,企业家为了留住自己的知识员工会主动将知识透露给对手,即发生内生知识溢出;不存在内生知识溢出时,溢出能够在知识员工的流动中发生;二者还可能同时存在于均衡中。因此,内生知识溢出完全能够提高企业在劳动力市场和产品市场中的竞争力。另外,知识溢出具有局部性特征,受限于产业集群的地理维度。     

The educational (im)mobilities and status (il)legalities of Cape Verdean youth in Portugal

Education has played a fundamental role shaping Cape Verdean mobilities and recent increases in educational opportunities for poorer sections of the youth population have raised expectations for a better life. Through a discussion of how modern-day education has become a project of self-realisation, the article provides a detailed analysis of a regime of mobility that encouraged Cape Verdeans to study in vocational colleges in Portugal. It illustrates how the protocols signed between local councils in Cape Verde and the colleges created a responsibility vacuum that caused students to slip into illegality, perpetuating the inequalities which the pursuit of education is intended to redress. The ways in which Cape Verdean youth responded – navigating constraints to create the image of a successful life in Portugal against all odds – elucidate how the power of the moral expectation to succeed led them to work the system and to turn secondary education into a stepping stone for their mobility.     

高校大学生渗透式教育下的日常管理工作的思考

通过传统管理模式与融入渗入式教育的管理模式进行比较分析,并对融入渗入式教育的管理模式提出几点思考,如现代化科学技术、职业生涯规划、社会主义荣辱观、安全教育、榜样作用等融入日常管理中潜移默化地对学生进行渗透式思想政治教育,探索有利于大学生个性发展,实现自我的教育管理模式。     

Super-diversity vs. assimilation: how complex diversity in majority–minority cities challenges the assumptions of assimilation

International migration changed large West European cities dramatically. In only two generations’ time, their ethnic make-up is turned upside down. Cities like Amsterdam and Brussels now are majority–minority cities: the old majority group became a minority. This new reality asks for an up-to-date perspective on assimilation and integration. In this article, I will show why grand theories like segmented and new assimilation theory no longer suffice in tackling that new reality of large cities, and I will question critically whether using the perspective of super-diversity is more pertinent for our analyses. Children of immigrants nowadays no longer integrate into the majority group, but into a large amalgam of ethnic groups. Next to the diversification of ethnic groups, we see diversification within ethnic groups in the second and third generations. I will focus on intergenerational social mobility patterns given that they are key to existing grand theories of assimilation. I will argue that super-diversity theory can only partially show us the way. To further build an alternative theoretical perspective, we also need to borrow from the intersectional approach and the integration context theory.     

Mobility and security: the perceived benefits of citizenship for resettled young people from refugee backgrounds

In recent decades, the meaning and value of formal state citizenship has shifted dramatically. In the same period, scholarship on citizenship has drawn attention to the proliferation of alternative forms of sub-, supra- and transnational citizenship, at times obscuring the ongoing importance of formal state citizenship. For refugees, however, formal state citizenship remains a critical and widely shared goal. Drawing on interviews with 51 young people from refugee backgrounds in Melbourne, Australia, this article explores the intersecting themes of mobility and security that were identified by participants as the most important benefits of acquiring formal state citizenship in the country of resettlement. In contrast to the insecurity of forced migration, formal state citizenship provides a privileged mobility that enables refugee-background youth to maintain and create transnational identities and attachments and to be protected while doing so, while also granting a secure status within the nation state and insurance against further displacement in an uncertain future. In offering these forms of mobility and security, formal state citizenship contributes to a sense of ontological security among refugee-background youth, providing an important foundation for building national and transnational futures.     

How njangui socio-cultural houses influence students’ collaboration towards boosting Africanism

One visible characteristic that Cameroonian immigrant students have brought to South Africa is njangui/ngumba house, which redefines social inter-relationships among South African and other African citizens who were previously unknown to them. A njangui is a traditional social gathering while a ngumba is a kind of sacred society often reserved for the elderly. However, njangui and the ngumba houses have morphed into a type of social meeting where people meet to discuss and solve personal or collective problems, whether emotional, social or economic and then dine and wine at the close of each meeting. This paper describes one njangui group, its purpose, process of selecting members and activities among a group of students within a South African University. I draw on concept of locality to explore the link between social mobility, language, business, and culture. In order to explain this traditional social gathering I used an ethnographic design. This allowed me to become part of the participants’ daily practices. One argument is that socio-cultural strength culminates in socio-economic relations. Therefore, I conclude that this kind of relation could influence the social cohesion of students which may extend to significant relationships.     

社会阶层流动途径的趋势与效果分析

我国目前存在着社会阶层的划分,中间阶层有待扩大,下层亟需缩小,阶层之间进行流动受到很多制度方面的限制,但仍然存在着几个主要的流动途径,不同的流动途径机会不同,效果也自然有所不同,从人口经济学的意义上来看,加强人力资本的投资和促进流动人口的健康有序发展是十分重要的。     

人口学视角下的产业集聚综述

20世纪70年代开始,世界范围内掀起了产业集聚研究热潮。随着研究的深入,相关研究也不再囿于区域经济学和经济地理学的藩篱。从人口学视角考察产业集聚也是一种新的学术探索,通过对国内外学者相关文献的梳理,发现产业集聚要求有一定规模的人口(劳动力)作为基础,但是人口质量的作用更显著,且通过两种途径影响产业集聚:一是不同专业技术知识和特长的劳动力或技术人才组成的专业化人才市场,为产业集聚提供必要的优质人力资本;二是教育机构、科研机构和高素质人才对高科技产业集聚的影响。与此同时,制造业向某一区域集聚的同时伴随着较大规模的人口流动,这点在国外经验性文献和中国的现实数据中都得到佐证。     

西北少数民族地区乡村社会流动的经济后果分析——以宁夏固原和甘肃临夏为例

本文以宁夏固原和甘肃临夏地区的田野调查为例．分析了西北少数民族地区目前频繁发生的乡村社会流动所带来的经济后果。研究表明,乡村社会流动推动了民族地区和全国的城市化进程,缓减了农业和农村的压力,改善了流动参与的家庭收入结构,提高了流动参与者参与市场经济的能力。同时,也带来农村经济分化进一步拉大,地方政府崇拜劳务输出,村民经济利益至上及低端的劳动力循环等不利于流出地经济发展和村庄整合的负向后果。