The psychological impact of intragenerational social class mobility

This study revisits and extends a classic question in sociology and tests three competing hypotheses about the effects of intragenerational social class mobility on distress and psychological well-being at midlife. Prior research on this topic investigated the effects of intergenerational mobility, but did not look at how mobility during adulthood (intragenerational mobility) affects psychological distress and well-being. Previous literature is also limited by methodological problems that make it difficult to estimate the separate effects of prior social class, current social class, and social mobility. This study overcomes this methodological problem using a novel approach that breaks the linear dependence between prior class, current class, and intragenerational mobility. After accounting for prior and current class, I find that social mobility is not associated with psychological distress and self-acceptance. Instead, mobile individuals come to resemble their nonmobile counterparts in their current class on the outcomes of study.     

新生活·新观念·新名词——以近代上海城市用语变迁为考察线索

中国近代的口岸城市,在城市规模、城市形态、社会经济结构、社会生活方式等方面受外来文化影响甚深。人们在城市化、近代化过程中,逐渐由乡民转变为市民,在日常生活、社会心态、大众心理、思维认知等方面都发生了前所未有的改变。这些变化在日常用语中有着生动的体现。随着大量西方物质文明和精神文明的流入与传播,中国固有的城市用语体系发生了巨大的变化,一大批新的城市用语出现并流行开来。新的城市用语的形成,反过来又对城市及其文化的发展变化带来一定影响。大量新的词汇进入人们日常语言交流中,在一定程度上代表了时尚与流行,一些词汇沿用至今,成了汉语的新元素。作为口岸城市的代表,近代上海的城市用语受外来文化的影响尤为显著,这些用语随着上海本身的辐射效应,有的扩散到中国其他城市,继而深刻影响了其他城市和地区城市用语的更新和变化,上海也因之成为了传播新的城市用语的集散地。     

玩物丧志?——麻将与近代中国女性的娱乐

娱乐游戏是人们日常生活的重要组成部分,随着近代以来社会的不断变迁,中国人的娱乐方式也发生了巨大的变化。晚清民国时期,不同社会阶层的女性都开始频繁参与到各类新兴的娱乐中来,同时她们也成为了社会交往活动中广为世人关注、饱受争议的对象,而这其中尤以麻将女人为最。麻将游戏不仅仅是新女性摆脱家庭束缚的象征,还是男权社会重新套牢束缚妇女的工具,更为一个个对现实心灰意冷、无力舒展自己生命欲望的女人们提供了精神的避难所。近代中国社会在一步步粉碎束缚传统妇女枷锁的同时,未能有效地建立起接受、容纳新女性的社会空间,这必然导致女性群体在新旧社会/家庭身份认同上产生种种迷惑和错位。对大多数女牌友来讲,与其说她们把生命浪费在打麻将上,是因玩物而丧志,不如说是整个社会压抑的生存环境迫使女性丧志后,她们才集体沉沦在玩物之中。     

制约少数民族农村劳动力流动因素的分析及其对策——以维吾尔族为例

人口流动对于少数民族地区的社会经济发展具有积极的作用,是提高农民收入的有效途径.本文阐述了维吾尔族农村劳动力流动的现状,分析了影响维吾尔族农村劳动力流动的因素,最后提出了促进维吾尔族农村劳动力流动的对策和建议.     

从结构性流动到非结构性流动--以上海研究为例

社会结构的转型带来了大量的就业机会,各阶层之间的开放、教育的普及为社会成员的流动提供了方便、有利的条件,但是机会结构在不同群体中仍然存在着差异,他们在实现自身社会地位流动的过程中,自致因素固然占据重要的地位,但家庭地位的先赋因素仍然具有"助推器"的作用,并在市场的竞争中,表现为一定程度上的不公平.     

明清徽商的休闲文化生活

明清徽商不仅在经济舞台上卓有建树,其日常的休闲文化生活亦丰富多彩。依据丰富的历史文献资料,文章将徽商的休闲文化生活归纳为畅游书海、著述诗文、钟情收藏、游历山水、热衷戏曲及流连风月等六个方面。认为徽商的休闲文化生活整体上体现出尚文、儒雅的特色。     

韦尔施论两种“审美化”

韦尔施的《重构美学》作为当代中国日常生活审美化论争的一个主要西方理论资源,其日常生活和认识论两个层面上的审美化思想,多为中国学者忽略。韦尔施以日常生活审美化为后现代消费社会的一种文化必然,视欲望快感和经济策略为其动因,只具有浮光掠影的肤浅价值。故公共空间中的艺术不应在先已被高度审美化的语境中锦上添花,反之可以表现叛逆和崇高。所谓认识论的审美化,是指美学公认的一些基本特征如直观形式、建构性、可操纵性、歧义性等,不仅是艺术的专利,而且变成了现实认知的基本范畴。韦尔施将这一传统上推到康德和尼采,应是显示了用以美学为代表的后现代文化来解构以科学为代表的现代性的苦心,它虽然或者多半只是后现代主义鼎盛时期的一种美学乌托邦,然从日常生活审美化到认识论审美化的区分、辨析和升华,对于日常生活审美化本身的认知,以及对于重构美学的思路,都可谓意味深长。     

教育与社会阶层结构的互动关系分析

教育与社会阶层结构是一种非线性的互动关系.一方面,教育对社会阶层结构既有积极的影响又有消极的影响,这不仅发生在教育的纵向差异对社会分层和社会流动的影响上,而且也发生在教育的横向差异对社会分层和社会流动的影响上;另一方面,社会阶层结构也同样影响着教育的公平和受教育者的入学机会、学业成就等.而教育与社会阶层结构的这种双向互动关系则充分体现在弱势群体的社会流动与教育这一关系范畴中.     

Freedom,mobility and marginality: an interdisciplinary study of the historical roots of contemporary street youth in urban Brazil

This study is focused on the lives of street youth in urban Brazil through an interdisciplinary and cross-historical approach, providing a conceptual analysis of three different but interconnected sources of knowledge: A historical study of vagrants in the 1800s by [Fraga Filho, Walter. (1996). Mendigos, Moleques e Vadios na Bahia do Século XIX. São Paulo: HUCITEC/EDUFBa], the novel Jubiába by [Amado, Jorge. ([1935] 1984). Jubiába. New York: Avon Books] on the life of a youth on the streets in the 1930s, and empirical material from a current ethnography of boys and young men on the street. This approach facilitates a broader perspective on stability and change regarding the dynamics of street life, allowing cross-historical themes to surface. It reveals how young men on the street challenge socio-spatial and moral boundaries. While their marginal position empowers them and increases their mobility, it also encumbers their trajectories. The conclusion arrived at is that marginality and mobility are closely interlinked, as marginality is not only the cause but also consequence of mobility, and sometimes even the obstruction of it.     

European Youth Gang Policy in Comparative Context

The past decade has seen increased reports of street gangs across a range of contexts. In Europe, anxieties over street‐based youth has led to the development of gang‐specific policies across a range of jurisdictions, most notably the UK. Following a similar pattern of policy mobility in criminal justice, many of these policies have origins in the US system. In this review of international gang policy developments, we critically examine a number of these policies in a comparative context ‐ including gang policing units and intelligence databases ‐ and interrogate their efficacy. Drawing on cogent examples from the UK, we argue for caution in adopting US gang intervention tactics due to the lack of empirical evidence relating to their applicability or efficacy, and the corresponding potential for discrimination toward the most marginalised and socially excluded children and young people in society.