《祝福》与《活着》复调之比较

同样描述死亡和苦难,同样以复调的方式结构作品,鲁迅的《祝福》和余华的《活着》却一个表现得厚重,一个表现得单薄,在厚重和单薄之间,我们看到的是作家在思考生存环境、追问生命意义、体认知识分子责任等方面存在的巨大差异。     

“逐步减少适用死刑罪名”之探究

现在世界刑事法律的一般发展趋势是废除死刑或者限制死刑,在刚刚召开的中共十八届三中全会的公报中提到我国要逐步较少适用死刑罪名。提出的适用死刑罪名包括：世界各国死刑罪名的废除和大量削减;我国死刑罪名设置较多,但是死刑使用率不高。通过对＂逐步减少＂适用与＂废除＂适用的不同以及对逐步减少适用＂死刑罪名＂与＂死刑＂的不同进行比较,不仅明确了其基本含义,而且明确了这是一个立法问题而非司法问题,进而探究了在我国实现逐步减少适用死刑罪名的现实途径,以期对未来死刑的研究以及司法实践有所促进,以期更好地保障人权。     

陈染小说中的孤独与死亡意识

陈染是20世纪女性个人化写作的领军作家,她将个体视为自己文学创作的出发点,以其前所未有的孤寂、凄美、绝望,传达出女性个体所独有的身体、心理体验。她思索着人的孤独,憧憬着死亡的美丽,并将其指向人的生存价值。可以说,孤独和死亡意识是贯穿陈染小说的两条主线,也是其小说所要展现的更为深远的主题。     

从《左传》看春秋时人的生死观

死亡是生命的终结,对于死亡的态度实则展现着人们生存的精神风貌。春秋时代的人们把死亡看作是一种必然,从而无所畏惧。他们勇敢地选择死亡,平静地面对死亡,直至把死亡演绎成一种生命的美丽。(他们的死亡是勇武的,美的,善的,一如他们鲜活的生命。因此他们是真正的死而不朽。     

《碧鸡漫志》作者王灼生卒年补考

笔者旧考王灼生于北宋徽宗崇宁四年(1105),卒年在宋孝宗淳熙二年(1175)以后。今综合考察王灼诗文和相关史料,对生于崇宁四年说进行了若干补证,新考证王灼卒年在淳熙八年(1181)秋以后。     

Caring for families experiencing stillbirth: Evidence-based guidance for maternity care providers

BackgroundEvidence-based guidance is needed to inform care provided to mothers and families who experience stillbirth. This paper focuses upon how meaningful and culturally appropriate care can be provided to mothers and families from when they are informed that their baby will be stillborn to many years after the experience. Avoidable suffering may be occurring in the clinical setting.AimsTo promote and inform meaningful and culturally appropriate evidence-informed practice amongst maternity care providers caring for mothers and families who experience stillbirth.MethodsA comprehensive systematic review was conducted which primarily synthesised relevant qualitative research studies. An expert advisory group comprised of stillbirth researchers, clinicians, and parents who have experienced stillbirth provided guidance for the review and the development of implications for practice.FindingsGrieving parents want staff to demonstrate sensitivity and empathy, validate their emotions, provide clear, information, and be aware that the timing of information may be distressing. Parents want support and guidance when making decisions about seeing and holding their baby. Sensitivity, respect, collaboration, and information are essential throughout the experience of stillbirth. Culturally appropriate care is important and may require staff to accommodate different cultural practices.ConclusionThe findings of the review and expert consensus inform the provision of meaningful and culturally appropriate care for mothers and families that have experienced stillbirth. Evidence informed implications for practice are provided to guide the actions, communication, and behaviours of maternity care providers.     

The reification of celebrity: global newspaper coverage of the death of David Bowie*

This paper examines global English-language newspaper coverage of the death of David Bowie. Drawing upon the concept of reification, it is argued that the notion of celebrity is discursively (re)produced and configured through a ‘public face’ that is defined, maintained and shaped via media reports and public responses that aim to know and reflect upon celebrity. The findings highlight how Bowie’s reification was supported by discourses that represented him as an observable, reified form. Here, Bowie’s ‘reality’, that is, his authentic/veridical self, was obscured behind a façade of mediation, interpretation and representation that debated and decided his ‘authenticity’ as a cultural icon. Such debates, however, were engagements with a reified image, enveloped in continual (re)interpretation. As a result, Bowie’s reification was grounded in a polysemous process that allowed numerous versions of ‘himself’ to be aesthetically reimagined, reinvented and repeated.     

Hospice and Latinos

Abstract

Research on hospice use by Latinos, although increasing since the late 1990s, remains sparse. This article presents a review of the recent available literature on this topic within the past 15 years. The main aspects discussed are access to hospice care and various factors that researchers suggest affect Latino utilization of hospice care. These factors include beliefs about health care, death and end-of-life care, lack of insurance, lower referral rates by health care professionals and the hospice caregiver requirement. Overall, Latinos underutilize hospice but the reasons remain unclear. No evidence exists to indicate that Latinos are dissatisfied with services once they receive them. Also, no evidence exists to indicate they want services but cannot obtain them. Implications for social work practice and research are discussed.     

论林语堂小说的感觉叙事

一般来说,情感与思想是小说中事件的起点和落脚点,也是事件发展的原动力,感觉只是陪衬、背景和氛围。可在林语堂的小说叙事中,感觉往往成为事件的缘起、转折点和终点。感觉不仅是事件过程的“决定者”,还是事件意义的“赋予者”。在他所谓的重大事件——“生死”与“丧失”里,人的感觉被发现和释放出来,并实现生命的升华。林语堂的感觉叙事生动复杂又变幻多姿,它们好像按照某种自然程序进行,事先无法做出预测。它不是群体理性的表现,而是人物复杂个性的展示,从而可以淋漓尽致地诠释新文学的个性解放主题,也赓续和创新了中西叙事传统,弥补和纠正了新文学甚至世界现代文学的某些偏误。     

On an application of the diffusion approximation of the generalized birth and death process for stochastic population projection

Assuming that both birth and death rates are density and time dependent, a diffusion approximation of the generalized birth and death process has been considered in this paper to obtain a suitable stochastic population model describing the population size and its moments. A simple method of estimating the parameters of the model Is discussed. The predictions of the expected size of the population, and the variance are made and compared with the corresponding census figures as well as with another deterministic projection series made for the corresponding period.