Universal supplier selection via multi-dimensional auction mechanisms for two-way competition in oligopoly market of supply chain

Allocation of the tasks in competitive market conditions at each echelon of the supply chain is an important activity in the supply chain. The task allocation problem, referred to as supply chain formation process, normally faces information asymmetry in the supply chain. The information asymmetry is caused by rational and intelligent players trying to maximize their own profit rather than opt for the supply chain profit as a whole. Thus, the process of allocating tasks in such situations becomes difficult and will result in externalities in the supply chain trades. These externalities can be internalized with present methodologies in the literature. In this paper, the major internalization methods in different contexts are considered. Lagrange relaxation and Vickery Clarke Groves (VCG) auction mechanism are explored in order to form a supply chain. This paper proposes the multi-stage auction mechanism analyzing two-way competitions, a Bertrand and Cournot competition where price per unit and quantity are the underlying two parameters in a utility analysis. To analyze the problem in real life, the industry example of Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Ltd. (IRCTC) procurement process has been taken which demonstrates the usability of the proposed framework.     

论会计目标的确定

比较“受托责任观”和“决策有用观”两大会计目标理论观,在此基础上对会计目标的确定提出了个人的观点———全面信息论。认为会计目标的设定可在两种观点之间进行取舍,使其能站在公正的立场,提供客观、公正、真实、全面的信息,有效地协调好各方的利益。为多元化的信息使用者服务,促进经济的发展。     

决策责任、要价能力与人力资本激励模式选择

利用职务和贡献率两个指标,可将人力资本分为四种类型。不同类型的人力资本所有者具有不同的决策责任和要价能力,因此,企业的激励模式必须是分类激励模式,以实现决策责任和要价能力与激励方式之间的匹配,使人力资本所有者得到合理激励:对低职务低贡献人力资本,适宜采用短期激励模式;对于高职务低贡献的人力资本,宜采用以固定激励为主的中期激励模式;低职务高贡献人力资本,适合运用以收益性激励为主的中期激励模式;对于高职务高贡献型人力资本适用长期激励模式。     

论邓小平决策思想之务实品格

邓小平决策思想恢宏博大,具有很强的时代感、民族性、现实性和创造性。尤其是沉浸其中的务实品格,成为他继承和发展毛泽东决策理念的最亮的闪光点。     

知觉与学习——从决策理论看当前中美经贸合作中的认知误区

本文突破经济人偏好不变的经典假设,将知觉与学习等决策理论的有关概念引入中美经贸合作研究,对当前中美经贸合作的认知误区进行了分析。本文认为,由于人自身认知的局限性和外部结构性因素的制约,决策者和研究者也会经常出现错误知觉,并且不能通过学习迅速纠正这些错误知觉和预防新的错误知觉的形成,致使认识到合作利益或具有合作愿望的国家间不能顺利实现合作,有时甚至走向冲突。有悖于事实的负面观念在某种程度上阻止了合作的外溢与扩展。     

网络伦理难题与传统伦理资源的整合

网络社会一方面为人类展现了美好的“数字化生存”的前景;另一方面由于网络社会结构缺陷,也存在诸多网络伦理难题。这些网络伦理难题的解决,要从传统伦理资源整合入手,构建新型的网络伦理,来规范人们的网络行为。     

旅游购物商品发展滞后的原因及其对策

本文分析目前我国旅游购物商品发展滞后的主要原因是该商品的产、供、销严重脱节与管理相对薄弱 ,并指出旅游购物商品在设计、生产、销售、信息沟通、知识产权保护和政策扶持等多方面存在的困难 ,提出了当前发展旅游商品较为切实可行的对策     

中级欧美留学生汉字学习困难调查

本文通过两次调查对比分析了两组中级欧美留学生汉字学习困难和解决困难的方法,试图以动态的眼光探讨他们在有无系统汉字学习的情况下,学习困难的变化以及解决困难方法的变化规律.研究发现,机械记忆仍然是所有被试图解决汉字学习困难的主要方法之一,而且他们还不能经常有意识地迁移新知识.因此,在现行教学体制下,本文就如何为迁移而教以期引导学生在汉字学习过程中继续发展元认知提出了建议.     

新形势下科技成果转化的障碍及对策

从高校与科研院所、企业和其他三个方面分析了新形势下影响我国科技成果转化的多种障碍 ,提出了促进我国科技成果产业化操作性较强的九个方面的相应对策     

Services for troubled adolescents: exploring user variation

This paper outlines some of the main findings from an exploratory study of a sample of 257 adolescents living in children's homes, foster homes and residential special schools ‘for pupils with emotional and behavioural difficulties’ (‘EBD’). It focuses on the characteristics of service users, particularly contrasting the looked after and EBD groups. Though there are some similarities, there are also important differences between the populations in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, reasons for separation, legal status, family background and education. An attempt was made systematically to compare groups by creating a subsample of ‘difficult’ adolescents, based on involvement in anti‐social behaviour. Unexpectedly, this revealed that half of the teenagers were not ‘difficult’. Factors associated with being identified as ‘difficult’ were explored.