政府公共决策的规则限制

政府公共决策是一次利益再分配过程,由于＂经济人＂假设和政府的有限理性,政府公共决策权力时常被滥用,造成政府公共决策失误。制定完善的规则,规范政府公共决策权力,可以有效防止政府公共决策失误,使之解决民生之苦、反映民生之需、实现民生之乐。     

论企业战略管理中的伦理决策

通过研究有关企业战略管理学说中主张伦理因素只是作为战略管理中防止道德风险的"外生变量",以及认为伦理信念是企业长期持续发展的"内在动力"的两派观点,认为在企业战略决策中,伦理因素是外在约束和内在动力的统一,应该在企业战略管理的信念假设、决策选择、评估程序上,利用企业伦理中的宏观契约论逻辑层次和"演绎性论证程序"方法,建立企业战略规划——伦理决策模型,把企业经营的伦理边界条件和内在道德驱动力明确纳入企业战略管理的整体进程,让企业在战略管理中确保伦理决策更加清晰化、流程化,避免企业决策的长期道德风险。     

Evaluating the Perceived Efficacy of Randomized Security Measures at Airports

Both the increase in traveler numbers and the heightened threat posed by terrorism in recent years represent significant challenges to airport security measures. To ensure that a high level of security is maintained, randomized security checks have been proposed as a promising alternative to traditional security approaches. The use of randomized checks means that only a specific number of people are selected for security screening. However, the likely effects of such a change in security procedures on travelers’ security perceptions and on the deterrence of criminal activities remain unclear. Thus, the present study examines how varying the percentage of people screened during security checks influences people's security perceptions. In two online experiments, the participants were asked to imagine that they sought to smuggle an explosive dummy past an airport security check. The only information provided was the number of people screened during security checks, which was manipulated between-subjects in the first experiment and within-subjects in the second experiment. The participants then had to rate their security perception (i.e., the perceived likelihood of successfully smuggling the explosive dummy). The findings show that people perceive traditional security checks to be safer than randomized checks, irrespective of whether 90% or 30% of people are screened. Hence, if randomized security checks would indeed be implemented, it would automatically lead to a decreased perception of security. Furthermore, this decreased security perception might lead to an actual reduction in security, as the deterrence of criminal activities could also be reduced.     

Satisfaction and preferences in a legality social dilemma: Does corporate social responsibility impact consumers’ behaviour?

We investigate players’ preferences in a multiplayer prisoner's dilemma by comparing results from satisfaction-based and a choice-based approach by means of a laboratory experiment. The experimental design tests the effects of the legality rating frame on consumers’ choice between products from producers labeled by the legality rating and products by unlabeled producers. Both approaches provide strong evidence of preference heterogeneity, with players who cooperate above median being less affected in their choice by monetary payoffs vis-à-vis the public good component. The empirical findings support the hypothesis of our theoretical model that (part of the) players have, in addition to the standard self-interest component, an other-regarding preference argument that is further satisfied in the legality frame plus conformity design.A policy suggestion stemming from our experiment is based on the fact that corporate social responsibility legality frames and culture have a significant effect on an important portion of consumers. These consumers reveal that the often-declared willingness to pay for socially, environmentally and legally responsible features of products is confirmed by actual purchases of more expensive responsible products. Governments should therefore promote the creation of legality rating schemes with well-defined pre-established rules such as in the Italian case.     

Rapid Gender Analysis and its use in crises: from zero to fifty in five years

ABSTRACT

This article explores how and why the international non-government organisation, CARE, developed its own system of gender analysis, Rapid Gender Analysis (RGA), during the humanitarian response in Syria. The article tracks and reviews a sample of the first 50 CARE RGA reports to share recurrent gender themes that emerge across them, including the lack of women’s meaningful participation in decision-making, limitations on women and girls’ mobility, increased risks of gender-based violence, and recurring issues facing humanitarian organisations in providing a gender-sensitive response. RGA has now been used in more than 50 crises around the world and is featured as a good practice in the Inter-Agency Standing Committee Gender Handbook. It is giving humanitarians faster and more complete access to information about gender norms than ever before. But, this article asks, has the RGA made a difference and, if so, to whom?     

Supporting ethical use of electronic monitoring for people living with dementia: Social work’s role in assessment,decision-making,and review

Walking outdoors supports health and well-being, but some people living with dementia are at increased risk of getting lost and of harm while missing. Electronic monitoring can potentially play an important preventative role by enabling the person’s location to be continuously monitored by caregivers. However, there are considerable ethical concerns arising from electronic monitoring. This paper explores these thematically, drawing attention to its implications for autonomy and liberty; privacy; dignity; the rights and needs of caregivers and families; beneficence and nonmaleficence. Following from this, key questions for consideration in social work assessment are identified. The ethical issues necessitate assessment of the person’s unique circumstances and preferences and that of their caregivers, and careful ethical deliberation in decision-making. Social work can play an important role in facilitating inclusive assessment and decision-making, leading to consensus on intervening with electronic monitoring. The need for the ongoing review following implementation is discussed to track whether decisions need modification in light of the experience of usage. In conclusion, while legislative instruments and professional codes of ethics frame social work practice responses, there is need for a nuanced debate about ethical use of electronic monitoring and specific guidance to inform assessment, decision-making, and review.     

基于计量经济方法的企业决策信息分析

企业经营决策过程中需要对内外部的大量信息进行处理，因此，遵循决策过程的信息原则非常重要。就计量经济方法在企业管理决策中的应用问题进行了研究，通过对企业内部信息的分析，获取有利于企业做出科学决策的数据；以油田企业为例，给出两个实证研究的案例，来展示这一方法的应用过程和价值。     

饭店消费者决策过程与信息搜集研究

当消费者意识到他要购买饭店产品的决策后,就会采取一系列的行动,这些行动的步骤可分为:①明确问题;②搜集信息;③评价几种可行方案;④选择饭店产品;⑤未来的结果。饭店消费者购买决策过程可用名义型决策、有限型决策、扩展型决策来描述。基于信息搜集模式的饭店市场营销战略主要有六种:保持战略、瓦解战略、捕获战略、拦截战略、偏好战略及接受战略。     

浅析大学新生适应不良及心理调适

初入大学校园的新生，因为很多原因而导致适应不良，有的引爱严重的心理疾病。文章从分析大学新生适应不良的主要表现及内在原因入手。探索了新生进行心理调适的有效途径。     

多校区大学管理的难点和对策

由于多校区大学具有地理位置散、学科相对齐全、办学规模巨大的特点,在其发展和管理上存在着学科建设方面沟通与交流不便、资金相对不足、结构调整困难,资源配置方面难以共享、调配与流动,校园文化难以整合的问题。因此,要科学规划学科建设目标,重视交通、通讯等基本设施建设,制定合理的人才政策,实现图书资料的流动共享,加强信息化管理。