Expert Systems

Summary

Expert systems are computer programs which embody the expertise of a human expert in order to consult and advise on a specific problem. It is now becoming feasible to apply expert systems technology to problems in the human services. This article describes what expert systems technology is and how it may be applied in human service practice. Finally, some of the promises and pitfalls of this new technology are addressed.     

Beyond talking – children's participation in Norwegian care and protection cases

The attempt to give children an effective voice in social work processes which can have substantial impact on their lives takes different forms in countries with varying professional cultures and legal frameworks. This paper reports on a study of children's participation in decision-making in care and protection services in Norway, which was carried out in conjunction with a project to support social work teams in enabling children to participate, using materials borrowed from England and Wales. The results showed that (a) taking an active part in decision-making did not correlate perfectly with (b) having an influence on the outcome. Cases were therefore classified as ‘participation’ or ‘non-participation’ using a combination of both the above criteria. Statistical analysis of the factors influencing children's participation enabled the proposition of a model which appeared to explain much of the variance. The results point to the inadequacy of equating social work conversation with children with effective participation in decision-making.     

论民生公司战时运输所遇困难及其产生原因

民生公司在抗战期间为战时运输做出巨大贡献的同时，面临着种种困难。在分析民生公司所面临的威胁与困难的基础上，指出日军的侵略、官僚资本对民族资本主义企业的觊觎及非营利性经营模式下未获得有效资金支持是造成其困难的主要原因。     

Adult Children and Their Parents

Although the strong preference among older people is for independent living, a variety of problems can lead parents to move in with adult children. This living arrangement entails distinct social-psychological characteristics. By drawing on theoretical constructs from sociology and social psychology this paper explores these characteristics. By drawing on theoretical constructs from sociology and social psychology this paper explores these characteristics in terms of feelings related to the loss of freedome, the children's sense of irredeemable obligation and the parents' sense of irredeemable obligation and the parents' sense of irreplaceable loss. Based on this analysis, recommendations are made regarding attitudinal changes which can increase both parents' and children's degree of satisfaction with this living arrangement.     

概率准则下的两期投资决策问题

概率准则是以期望收益率为导向的, 是某些情况下投资者的投资决策准则, 它具有一定 的现实指导意义. 在一般情况下, 证券收益率在不同时期的概率分布会不同而且相关. 因此, 提 出了一类概率准则下的两期投资决策问题, 建立了其数学模型. 对于证券收益率为连续及离散 型随机变量这两种情况分别进行了讨论, 给出了求解最优策略的方法及投资决策的步骤, 并举 例予以了说明.     

试论心理学研究困境

从心理学百余年的发展历程中 ,分析了心理学研究中存在的主要困境和弊端 ,认为心理学研究对象的复杂性、研究范围的宽泛性、研究方法的单一性和制度化以及理论建构的滞后性 ,是造成今日之心理学危机重重的主要原因     

信息社会管理者合理决策行为研究

决策离不开信息的支持.进入信息社会,先进的信息技术为管理者决策提供了信息收集和处理的技术手段,使得决策方法更加科学化,同时,决策行为的科学化同样应予以足够的重视.文章探讨了在当今信息社会环境中,管理者的合理决策行为模式.     

The Imagination and Social Life

Sociology gives almost no consideration to the imagination. Yet, as this study seeks to demonstrate, the imagination plays an important role in social life. This article examines the question of how the imagination enters into ongoing interpersonal relations, taking as a case study cross-national couples and their discussions about where to live. Findings from semi-structured interviews with thirty-seven individuals in cross-national relationships suggest that the imagination enters into the lives of couples in four ways: imaginings suggest to partners where they would like to live; partners use the imagination as a tool to access and advance a preference, either together or individually; partners frame the desires of the other as fantasy as a way of countering these desires; and lastly, spouses tolerate an undesirable situation by engaging in escapist fantasies. Finally, this study suggests that the imagination permeates our decision-making, routinely enters our thoughts, is a domain in which individuals immerse themselves regularly, and, in the form of collective imaginings, can inspire social change.     

基于移动终端及ZigBee组件的应急信息系统研究

提出了一个基于移动终端及ZigBee组件的应急管理信息系统的设计方案及应用实现。利用移动终端，可以有效地捕捉实时灾情信息并填补已有数据信息的缺失。利用数据挖掘技术，实现了基于实时信息的应急管理模型构建。最终通过基于可视化的信息展示，实现对应急管理的信息支持。     

浅论国有困难企业成因与脱困对策

国有困难企业往往有共同的表现形式。造成其困难的原因也有许多共性。国有困难企业脱困的出路在于进行综合治理 ,从整体上和根本上解决国有企业的问题 ,还必须来自政府的推动 ,但从个别国有困难企业来说 ,则应把命运掌握在自己手里 ,立足于自我拯救