我国人口老龄化趋势、影响及对策研究

人口老龄化是当前一个全球性热点问题,世界各国都在探讨如何应对已经到来或者即将到来的老龄化社会。通过对我国人口老龄化现状与趋势进行分析,指出未来我国人口老龄化问题的严峻性,进而在探讨老龄化对老年人供养问题影响的基础上,结合我国实际提出应对人口老龄化的政策建议。     

基于信息依赖度的企业信息化战略分析框架

信息时代下企业可以通过信息化建立持续的竞争优势,但是企业信息化工作具有高度的可延展性、复杂性和内在的耦合性,信息化工作不可能一步到位。企业如何更好的安排好信息化的次序,以及如何正确理解信息化工作和建立持续竞争优势之间的关系是企业信息化战略规划中面对的挑战。以信息依赖度为基础的企业信息化战略分析框架,提供给企业一个有用的信息化规划分析工具和模型,有助于企业做好信息化战略规划工作。     

The importance of survey content: Testing for the context dependency of the New Ecological Paradigm Scale

Using a regression-based analysis of a survey of U.S. households, we demonstrate that both environmental concern, as measured by the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) Scale, and facets of environmental concern, as measured by three NEP factors, are influenced by survey context. Survey respondents were presented with detailed information about two to four threatened and endangered marine species in the United States, including the Endangered Species Act listing status of the species and threats to the survival of the species. All else being equal, measures of environmental concern are influenced by both which species were included in the survey and by the concern expressed about these species. As such, measures of environmental concern are found to be context dependent since they are correlated with the species included in each survey. We also demonstrate that NEP-based measures of environmental concern are affected by socio-demographic variables, opinions about government spending, and environmental knowledge. Given the wide, multi-disciplinary use of the NEP Scale, it is important for researchers to recognize that NEP-based measures of environmental concern may be sensitive to information included in surveys.     

Dependence within families and the division of labor: Comparing Sweden and the United States

This article assesses the relative explanatory value of the resource‐bargaining perspective and the doing‐gender approach for the division of housework in the United States and Sweden from the mid‐1970s to 2000. The data used are the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and the Swedish Level of Living Survey. Overall results show that housework was truly gendered work in both countries during the entire period. Even so, the results indicate that, unlike Swedish women, U.S. women seem to increase their time spent in housework when their husbands are to some extent economically dependent on them, as if to neutralize the presumed gender deviance on the part of their spouses.     

Addressing the Dependency Problem in Access Security System Architecture Design

The objective of this research is to present a method for evaluating the performance of access control security systems, such as airport security operations. This requires the examination of security system architectures, which involve security technology devices and the algorithms that coordinate their operations. Dependence between device responses in multiple-device systems is a critical practical issue in assessing the performance of such architectures, though no results on this problem have appeared in the literature. This paper presents a method for evaluating when multipledevice security systems with overlapping capabilities are cost-effective. This is achieved using a dependency structure for security system devices to quantify how various technologies interact and to measure the impact of device dependence on system error probabilities. A measure of device response dependence for a two-device system is defined and its properties are explored, including bounds on the dependency measure. The effect of dependence on the system Type I and Type II error probabilities is examined for the two-device system. System performance is compared for independent vs. dependent device responses and desirable dependence relationships are identified. Results are also presented for a cascading sequence of devices. An example is presented to illustrate the results for the two-device system. Implications of these results are discussed, such as how they can be used to identify the optimal use of security devices and to determine whether new technologies warrant investment.     

两种人力资本风险投资、投资风险及其风险分散

人力资本是一种特殊的资本 ,既具有物的属性 ,又具有人的属性。人们发现了人的属性后 ,这种人的属性反而限制了人们对其物的属性的考察。因此对人力资本进行风险投资以及利用投资组合分担风险等内容的研究显得相对的贫乏。本文在此试图分析人力资本的风险投资以及相应的投资风险 ,并提出一些分散风险的建议。     

河南省人口出生率影响因素的实证分析

改革开放以来,中国经济的飞速发展在很大程度上得益于人口政策所带来的人口红利。然而随着时代的进步,中国的人口结构呈现出新的状况,即低出生率、低死亡率和低增长率。为预测我国在实施“全面二孩”政策后未来可能出现的人口结构变动趋势,以人口大省河南省作为案例研究人口出生率的影响因素。研究利用了河南省18个省辖市的数据,应用的研究方法是逐步回归方法。分析结果表明：河南省的人口出生率受到负担少年系数和政府财政在医疗、教育、社会保障与就业四个方面支出的影响,其中负担少年系数的影响最为显著。     

Writing a Book Review for JFSW

ABSTRACT

For children in foster care, continued contact with biological parents may have significant implications. This article seeks to synthesize literature examining attachment theory and visitation between children in foster care and their parents. The results of the research synthesis indicate that although the exploration of attachment theory began over 40 years ago, the questions regarding the implications of foster care visitation and attachment continuation surprisingly remain unanswered.     

All on board? New evidence on board gender diversity from a large panel of European firms

Using a unique database of over 20 million firms over two decades, we examine industry sector and national institution drivers of the prevalence of women directors on supervisory and management boards in both public and private firms across 41 advanced and emerging European economies. We demonstrate that gender board diversity has generally increased, yet women remain rare in both boards of firms in Europe: approximately 70% have no women directors on their supervisory boards, and 60% have no women directors on management boards. We leverage institutional and resource dependency theoretical frameworks to demonstrate that few systematic factors are associated with greater gender diversity for both supervisory and management boards among both private and public firms: the same factor may exhibit a positive correlation to a management board, and a negative correlation to a supervisory board, or vice versa. We interpret these findings as evidence that country-level gender equality and cultural institutions exhibit differentiated correlations with the presence of women directors in management and supervisory boards. We also find little evidence that sector-level competition and innovativeness are systematically associated with the presence of women on either board in either group of firms.     

Do Commercial Debt‐for‐Nature Swaps Matter for Forests? A Cross‐National Test of World Polity Theory1

We present cross‐national models of forest loss from 1990–2005 that examine the impact of commercial debt‐for‐nature swaps. In doing so, we find substantial support for world polity theory that poor nations that implement these swaps tend to have lower rates of deforestation than poor nations that do not implement these swaps. We also find support for another aspect of world polity theory—poor nations with higher levels of international nongovernmental organizations have lower rates of forest loss. A number of other factors, including structural adjustment, debt service, democracy, population growth, and domestic economic activity, also predict deforestation. We conclude by discussing the findings, theoretical implications, methodological implications, policy suggestions, and possible directions for future research.