对模拟电路软故障诊断方法的研究

近年来,电子产业逐步深入到各行各业中,给人们的生活带来了极大的便利,也推动了我国工业社会的高速发展.但与此同时,电子设备的安全性、可靠性等问题也随着而来,直接影响着工作效率甚至人们的生命财产安全.因此,设备的电路故障诊断问题成为了世界各国专家学者研究的重要课题之一.本文主要针对模拟电路软故障诊断方法进行了研究,对模拟电路故障诊断的发展趋势进行了探讨.     

当代形式逻辑是刑法立法正确的工具性科学

刑法条文的表述是否符合逻辑规则,是衡量一部刑法典立法技术高低的根本指标,而高超的刑法立法技术必然不能背离逻辑规则。当代形式逻辑是一门基于客观唯物论的能够有效地提高立法技术、指导刑法立法实践的工具性科学。     

Simultaneous inference of a misclassified outcome and competing risks failure time data

Ipsilateral breast tumor relapse (IBTR) often occurs in breast cancer patients after their breast conservation therapy. The IBTR status' classification (true local recurrence versus new ipsilateral primary tumor) is subject to error and there is no widely accepted gold standard. Time to IBTR is likely informative for IBTR classification because new primary tumor tends to have a longer mean time to IBTR and is associated with improved survival as compared with the true local recurrence tumor. Moreover, some patients may die from breast cancer or other causes in a competing risk scenario during the follow-up period. Because the time to death can be correlated to the unobserved true IBTR status and time to IBTR (if relapse occurs), this terminal mechanism is non-ignorable. In this paper, we propose a unified framework that addresses these issues simultaneously by modeling the misclassified binary outcome without a gold standard and the correlated time to IBTR, subject to dependent competing terminal events. We evaluate the proposed framework by a simulation study and apply it to a real data set consisting of 4477 breast cancer patients. The adaptive Gaussian quadrature tools in SAS procedure NLMIXED can be conveniently used to fit the proposed model. We expect to see broad applications of our model in other studies with a similar data structure.     

Geometric aspects of deletion diagnostics in multivariate regression

In multivariate regression, a graphical diagnostic method of detecting observations that are influential in estimating regression coefficients is introduced. It is based on the principal components and their variances obtained from the covariance matrix of the probability distribution for the change in the estimator of the matrix of unknown regression coefficients due to a single-case deletion. As a result, each deletion statistic obtained in a form of matrix is transformed into a two-dimensional quantity. Its univariate version is also introduced in a little different way. No distributional form is assumed. For illustration, we provide a numerical example in which the graphical method introduced here is seen to be effective in getting information about influential observations.     

从工具合法性到价值合法性——我国权力合法性的价值范式转型

权力合法性一直是敏感而又热议的话题。但学界对这一问题的研究热衷于政治学探究,忽视了伦理学关怀;在谋求合法性的方式上,则倾向于工具合法性,忽视价值合法性。事实上,权力合法性问题也是个伦理学范畴,在权力合法性的谋求范式上,不仅有工具合法性,还有价值合法性。但现实的情况是,人们往往侧重工具合法性,忽视价值合法性,其结果便是造成一种"政绩困局"。改革开放以来,我们践行的主要是"绩效合法性",这种合法性以工具合法性为主导,在带来经济社会巨变的同时,也遭遇了"政绩困局"。要摆脱这种困境,必须实现权力合法性的价值范式转型,即从工具合法性转向价值合法性,实现工具合法性与价值合法性齐驱并进的壮丽景观。     

CBN刀精车GCr15轴承钢的试验研究

本文利用正交试验法，通过用ＣＢＮ刀对ＧＣｒ１５轴承钢精车切削试验并对试验数据进行了多元线性处理，得出了在此切削条件下的切削用量三因素与刀具耐用度的Ｔａｙｌｏｒ公式，为解决难加工材料ＧＣｒ１５轴承钢的精车及实际生产提供了经验。     

Logistic discrimination using robust estimators: An influence function approach

Logistic regression is frequently used for classifying observations into two groups. Unfortunately there are often outlying observations in a data set and these might affect the estimated model and the associated classification error rate. In this paper, the authors study the effect of observations in the training sample on the error rate by deriving influence functions. They obtain a general expression for the influence function of the error rate, and they compute it for the maximum likelihood estimator as well as for several robust logistic discrimination procedures. Besides being of interest in their own right, the influence functions are also used to derive asymptotic classification efficiencies of different logistic discrimination rules. The authors also show how influential points can be detected by means of a diagnostic plot based on the values of the influence function     

论"三"是思维的一个重要语言工具

"三"在空间维度、时间维度、实践维度上的思维表现都是十分活跃的.究其原因,是"三"这个词所特有的含义的反映,是思维内在逻辑的外在显现.     

A step-by-step algorithm for combining diagnostic tests

Combining data of several tests or markers for the classification of patients according to their health status for assigning better treatments is a major issue in the study of diseases such as cancer. In order to tackle this problem, several approaches have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, a step-by-step algorithm for estimating the parameters of a linear classifier that combines several measures is considered. The optimization criterion is to maximize the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The algorithm is applied to different simulated data sets and its performance is evaluated. Finally, the method is illustrated with a prostate cancer staging database.     

Bayesian comparison of diagnostic tests with largely non-informative missing data

This work was motivated by a real problem of comparing binary diagnostic tests based upon a gold standard, where the collected data showed that the large majority of classifications were incomplete and the feedback received from the medical doctors allowed us to consider the missingness as non-informative. Taking into account the degree of data incompleteness, we used a Bayesian approach via MCMC methods for drawing inferences of interest on accuracy measures. Its direct implementation by well-known software demonstrated serious problems of chain convergence. The difficulties were overcome by the proposal of a simple, efficient and easily adaptable data augmentation algorithm, performed through an ad hoc computer program.