Uncertain identities and health-risking behaviour: the case of young people and smoking in late modernity

This paper argues that 'uncertain identities' are a distinct contributing factor to the residual and intractable level of smoking among young people. Further, it argues that the significance of this factor is increased by the specific social/historical context of late modernity. Findings from research with 15 to 16 year olds in the East Midlands of England are used to explore the role that smoking is perceived to play in constructing a self identity. A voluntaristic perspective is adopted on the use of tobacco, reflecting both the focus on young people's motivation to smoke and the tendency for many young people to perceive smoking as a matter of personal choice. Smoking was found to have a symbolic significance not only in terms of the presentation of self to others but also in terms of the reflexive construction of the self by those involved. The paper analyses the role of smoking in relation to self-image, self-empowerment and self-affirmation and it is concluded that for many young people smoking has certain benefits in terms of coping with uncertain identities.     

土家人的诙谐:跳"撒尔嗬"——对土家族丧仪之狂欢性的解读

"撒尔嗬"是至今仍广泛流行在清江流域土家族中的古老丧葬仪礼,本文将其表现形态、逻辑重要主题与欧洲的狂欢节进行比较,从民间文化的角度揭示出其狂欢节性质.     

“新时期人民内部矛盾“涵义新探

提出毛泽东对"人民内部矛盾"的界定在新的历史条件下的具体变化,即新时期的人民内部矛盾是指一切维护祖国统一,致力于中国经济发展并遵守中华人民共和国宪法的人们,在发展生产力和最终实现共同富裕这一社会主义建设的手段和目的一致的基础上,尚在各种具体的、切身的利益上,存在较以往更为大量而普遍的,甚至在特定范围内还存在少量具有对抗性质的差异的矛盾.     

对党的宗旨的再思考

为人民服务是共产党人的最高宗旨,也是贯穿"三讲”教育的中心,是实现正确"三观”的集中体现,是贯彻"三个代表”的目的与归宿.     

论中国古代“见仁见智”的批评差异性

中国古代文学欣赏和批评都注意到差异性问题 ,与西方提出“一千个读者有一千个哈姆雷特”一样 ,也提出了“仁者见仁 ,智者见智”的理论命题。这种“见仁见智”表现为批评着眼点不同、方法和技巧不同、对对象选择角度不同、结果不同以及批评的相对性上。差异性形成的原因有对象的不确定性和主体构成的多样性以及文学的自律性和他律性等因素。这是形成文艺创作和批评多样化的重要因素     

教育公平的根本在于对人的认知、情感与责任

教育公平是千百年来人们不懈的追求。目前,中国教育公平问题主要表现在城乡教育失衡和区域教育失衡,究其原因,主观因素大于客观因素。办教育最可怕的是从心态上对人的麻木之感,是缺乏问责和自责之心。教育公平归根结底在于对人的认知、情感与责任。     

试论契丹“挞马”组织的性质及其影响

在契丹族早期社会中,存在过一种特殊的武装团体,契丹语称“挞马”.到阿保机时代,契丹“挞马”组织的性质发生了根本性的变化.其成员多以“入侍”的形式,宣誓效忠于首领,由此产生了契丹族以贵戚、大臣子弟入侍汗庭的制度,也出现了从属于阿保机个人的常备扈从武装,由此强化了阿保机的个人权力,也促进了契丹社会王权的诞生和专制政体国家的出现.     

关于上海金融产业专门人才培养的建议

金融高等职业技术教育担负着培养面向金融产业、服务于高新或复合技术运作岗位的高级技术专门人才的任务,必须注重学生理论知识与实务技能的综合培养,并将它贯穿于办学指导思想、师资队伍建设、课程设置和教学实践等各个环节之中.促进上海金融人力资源的健康发展,还有赖于政府的宏观调控.     

王安石变法新论

王安石变法具有三个特点,即重名轻实、重赋敛轻生产、重富国轻富民.它没有给百姓带来利益,相反加重了农民的负担,因此是注定要失败的.     

The Effects of the Facial Expression of Beneficiaries in Charity Appeals and Psychological Involvement on Donation Intentions

To increase the effectiveness of fundraising campaigns, many human‐need charities include pictures of beneficiaries in their ads. However, it is unclear when and why the facial expression of these beneficiaries (sad versus happy) may influence the effectiveness of charity ads. To answer these questions, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the facial expression on donation intentions, while considering the moderating role of psychological involvement with charities. It found that psychological involvement with charities moderated the impact of the facial expression on donation intentions in that seeing a picture of a sad versus happy person increased intentions to give among participants with lower levels of psychological involvement, whereas the reverse was true for highly involved participants. The moderating effect of psychological involvement was fully explained by the perceived efficacy of one's donation. The findings not only contribute to our understanding of the effect of the facial expression of people pictured in charity appeals on donation behavior, but also suggest that nonprofits should tailor their ads to target potential donors with various levels of psychological involvement with charities.