On the International Labour Organization and prison labour: An invitation to recalibrate

This article re-examines the ILO's normative outlook on prison labour, arguing that it is out of touch with the realities on the ground, where public/private hybrid forms of prison labour are proliferating. The authors bring to light the controversy surrounding the position taken by the ILO, as member States repeatedly demand that it relax, and increasingly defy, its dichotomous stance. They illustrate the heavy price to be paid if the ILO stays on its current course, but also if it adopts the position favoured by some of these member States. Instead, they point to two alternatives that go beyond these conflicting positions.     

从“数字鸿沟”的填平到“新数字鸿沟”的跨越——教育信息化促进教育公平新思路

教育信息化在促进社会进步、教育公平方面呈现出越来越显著的作用。伴随信息化进程的加快，与之对应的“数字鸿沟”日益加大，并日益演变为“新数字鸿沟”。政府通过物理手段填平了明显的数字鸿沟，在此基础上，通过信息化与教育的深度融合，实现在拥有网络基础上的合理、全面使用信息技术，弥补技术层面的信息差距，实现对“新数字鸿沟”的跨越，最终实现教育的公平发展，彰显信息技术推动教育公平的本质内涵。     

快速老龄化背景下智慧养老研究

人口老龄化快速推进是中国21世纪的重要人口国情,积极应对人口老龄化是中国的一项长期战略任务,努力实现老有所养是应对人口老龄化的最基本问题。在老年负担日益加大、养老资源面临诸多困境、老年照护能力严重不足的背景下,如何根据积极老龄化理论和需求层次理论,探索和构建多元化智慧养老模式,引导和鼓励智慧养老产业健康发展,研发和推广老年智能产品,加强和推进老年环境适老化、智能化建设,拓展和深化智慧养老服务领域,加强和提高智慧养老队伍素质建设,动员和鼓励社会力量广泛参与,消除老年人“数字鸿沟”,必将成为满足老年多样化需求、推进积极老龄化的重要途径。     

Big Data for Development: A Review of Promises and Challenges

The article uses a conceptual framework to review empirical evidence and some 180 articles related to the opportunities and threats of Big Data Analytics for international development. The advent of Big Data delivers a cost‐effective prospect for improved decision‐making in critical development areas such as healthcare, economic productivity and security. At the same time, the well‐known caveats of the Big Data debate, such as privacy concerns and human resource scarcity, are aggravated in developing countries by long‐standing structural shortages in the areas of infrastructure, economic resources and institutions. The result is a new kind of digital divide: a divide in the use of data‐based knowledge to inform intelligent decision‐making. The article systematically reviews several available policy options in terms of fostering opportunities and minimising risks.     

The skill-divide in job quality: A cross-national analysis of 28 countries

This study focuses on the skill divide in job quality and the role of social institutions in structuring the relation of workers’ qualifications to the attributes of their jobs. Four measures of job quality are examined: job security, job achievement, job content and work schedule flexibility. The study is based on the 2005 ISSP module on work orientations and encompasses 28 countries. Obtained through multilevel modeling, the findings show that low-skilled workers are disadvantaged in all aspects of job quality. However, skill inequality in the quality of employment depends on countries’ characteristics, with declining inequality in countries at higher levels of technological development and to some extent also in times of technological growth. At times of high unemployment, skill disparities in job security widen while on other measures of job quality they decline. Under high market regulation, the low skilled enjoy better job security but on other measures, skill inequalities increase.     

Health E-types?

This paper presents a simple typology of different forms of engagement with the Internet by families with children with various forms of chronic illness. The analysis is informed by ongoing debates about the nature, distribution and efficacy of reflexivity in contemporary social life, especially as it relates to the changing nature of information and knowledge. Drawing upon qualitative interviews with sixty-nine parents and sixteen children, the paper offers a nuanced account of the manner in which laypeople are engaging with e- health. It is an account that argues that any reading of the 'digital divide' that is based upon a simple homology between socio-structural location, reflexivity and differential ability to gain material purchase from information in the 'information age' is misjudged.     

科举危机与晚明士人社会的分化

明代科举的“解额日广”从根本上说是一种 被动式的非理性增长，它是明代科举危机深化的外在表现。科举流通机制的壅塞导致了晚明 士人社会出路的沉滞与士人社会的分化。一部分士人开始脱离传统以“仕”为核心的“非仕 则隐”的经典化生存模式，走上了世俗化的生存与发展道路，并促动了“儒商”边缘群体与 “市民文人”准职业群体的生成。     

现代松辽分水岭的地貌结构及第四纪以来松辽分水岭的演化

分析了现代松辽分水岭的地貌结构，阐述了第四纪以来松辽分水岭的演化过程，提出了北东向前郭─双山断裂在分水岭演化中的意义以及分水岭东西两段的差异演化过程。     

Internet Risks for Foster Families Online

ABSTRACT

Foster parents and children (n = 64 families) who participated in a program to reduce the digital divide among foster children were surveyed about difficulties experienced in use of online communications. Providing Internet access to foster families increased Internet use, but was not perceived by parents or children as taking away time from other family or social relationships. A minority of parents and foster youth, however, reported a variety of problems ranging from benign arguments over access to the computer or frustration over equipment failure to serious concerns about children receiving pornography or meeting a sexual predator online. Although the majority of both parents and social workers were confident in their ability to deal with Internet-related problems, approximately one-third had low confidence in their ability to deal with foster family's Internet-related difficulties. Training foster parents on using filtering software to prevent pornography from coming into the child's experience of the Internet significantly reduced problems related to pornography when compared to foster families not in the program. Implications for social work practice are discussed.     

Developing Nations,the Digital Divide and Research Databases

Abstract

The digital divide affects many nations of the developing world. The term encompasses inadequate funding, a lack of necessary computer and Internet skills, and a lack of English-language proficiency that hinder expansion and use of digital information resources. Visionary individuals and organizations can assist these countries with their information needs. Aggregated full-text databases serve as a prominent tool in closing the digital divide because they provide important research resources. Participating organizations must demonstrate the value of these resources to users and supply essential training to ensure success with electronic resource initiatives.