新时期电子政府的政治影响及其发展

电子政府以公民服务为中心,可通过政府信息和服务平等的配置使得公民获得广泛的参政机会,开辟了一种新的政府治理模式。综合运用引证法、例证法、比较分析法等,以期从政治哲学角度阐明其与政府善治及政治民主的理论契合——能够实现政府信息及服务的平等配置,这不仅需要政府责任感的增强及相应硬件设备的提供,而且需要克服诸如数字鸿沟等现实障碍。此外,新时期电子政府的发展带来的政治影响正在日益显现,对加快我国服务型政府建设及政治变革产生了积极效应。     

基于聚类分析的中国农村养老区域划分研究

本文利用国家统计局及人力资源和社会保障部编制的年鉴资料．从中选取了18个与农村养老区域划分相关的统计指标,采用因子分析和聚类分析方法对我国31个省（自治区、直辖市）的农村进行了养老区域类型的划分,并提出相关的对策建议．以期为我国新型农村社会养老保险政策的实施及各区域农村养老保障模式的选择提供依据和参考。     

Revisiting the digital divide in Canada: the impact of demographic factors on access to the internet,level of online activity,and social networking site usage

The present study relies on the 2010 Canadian Internet Use Survey to investigate differences in people's access to the internet and level of online activity. The study not only revisits the digital divide in the Canadian context, but also expands current investigations by including an analysis of how demographic factors affect social networking site (SNS) adoption. The findings demonstrate that access to the internet reflects existing inequalities in society with income, education, rural/urban, immigration status, and age all affecting adoption patterns. Furthermore, the results show that inequality in access to the internet is now being mimicked in the level of online activity of internet users. More recent immigrants to Canada have lower rates of internet access; however, recent immigrants who are online have significantly higher levels of online activity than Canadian born residents and earlier immigrants. Additionally, women perform fewer activities online than men. People's use of SNSs differs in terms of education, gender, and age. Women were significantly more likely to use SNSs than men. Interestingly, high school graduates had the lowest percentage of adoption compared to all other education categories. Current students were by far the group that utilized SNSs the most. Canadian born, recent, and early immigrants all showed similar adoption rates of SNSs. Age is a strong predictor of SNS usage, with young people relying heavily on SNSs in comparison to those aged 55+. The findings demonstrate that the digital divide not only persists, but has expanded to include inequality in the level of online activity and SNS usage.     

Downloading inclusion: a statistical analysis of young people's digital communication inequalities

In this article we quantitatively explore digital inequalities in the context of the on-going transition toward a new communication landscape, defined by the emergence of a mass self-communication system as well as of a new culture of convergence around media consumption and production. Digital communication inequalities arise when technological, socio-economic, cultural and institutional factors influence active participation in this emerging communication system, a process that is and will continue to be particularly relevant among the young. While communication inequalities have been the object of much theoretical and qualitative research, their statistical analysis remains unattended. We used recent Eurostat micro-data to better understand how demographic, socio-economic and cultural factors affect communication inequalities in Europe, performing a detailed statistical analysis on the Spanish case. We found that the ability to contribute to the new media ecology by uploading self-created content is significantly correlated to the activity of downloading online material, an association that, at this stage, is more relevant than the one observed for other factors. At one point, young European “downloaders” start to upload and contribute, a cultural mechanism that is currently driving inclusion more strongly than the socio-economic avenues that are normally considered in the literature on the digital divide. In the conclusion of the study, we reflect on the policy implications of these findings.     

Inequality in mobilizing online help after a negative life event: the role of education,digital skills,and capital-enhancing Internet use

Many studies have investigated inequalities in coping with stressful life events and often education is found to play a role in this (the higher educated are usually more successful in dealing with their problems in terms of well-being consequences). We examine whether something similar occurs on the Internet, whether the higher educated are more successful in mobilizing help online, and whether this is related to their digital skills and the way in which they use the Internet. With the latter, we link online coping to digital inequality research. Researchers have investigated digital inequalities with regard to skills and types of Internet use. However, we know little about the extent to which these factors translate into inequalities in resources mobilized from the Internet. This latter type of inequality is highly relevant, since it is an intermediary step between Internet use and (improved) well-being and life chances. Using a large sample of individuals living in the Netherlands, we find educational differences in the mobilization of online problem-focused coping resources, but no differences with regard to online socioemotional or disengagement coping resources. The educational inequalities in online coping are somewhat smaller than educational inequalities in offline coping, leading to remarkable consequences for social policy. Furthermore, we find a relatively complex pattern of interrelations between offline inequality (education) and different types of digital inequality (skills, usage, resources). In our conclusions we make a plea for more research on outcomes of Internet use and we discuss the implications of our findings for further research.     

Back to the future,disability and the digital divide

The aim of this article is to explore disability and the digital divide using a quantitative methodology. The research investigates what impact digital technologies have had in improving the life-chances for disabled people from deprived neighbourhoods in the northeast of England. The study explores how disabled people engage with digital and assistive technologies in order to overcome disabling barriers and social exclusion. Unfortunately, the analysis found no evidence that digital and assistive technologies had any impact on reducing social exclusion for disabled people. In fact, the research discovered that these technologies seemed to construct new forms of disabling barriers as a consequence of the digital divide.     

A Longitudinal Study of Website Accessibility: Have Social Work Education Websites Become More Accessible?

This study (N = 45 schools) sought to determine the accessibility of baccalaureate social work program websites in 2003 and 2008 using Priority 1 checkpoints from the World Wide Web Consortium 1.0 guidelines. Paired t-test results indicate that the mean accessibility scores of five of the nine items (plus the website accessibility scale as a whole) was statistically higher after five years. However, 75.6% of programs still had one or more Priority 1 accessibility barriers in 2008 and thus did not meet the lowest W3C accessibility guidelines. This highlights the need for more education about barriers to accessibility and methods for making websites more accessible.     

数字技术使用对农户共同富裕的影响：“鸿沟”还是“桥梁”？

基于2019年中国社会状况综合调查（CSS）7031个农户样本的实证分析发现：数字技术使用发挥了促进农户共同富裕的“桥梁”作用。数字技术使用会提高农户迈入共同富裕队列的可能性,该结论对不同数字技术使用目的及使用频率的农户均成立。采用替换被解释变量与模型等方式进行再估计,研究结论仍然稳健。进一步地,在考虑数字技术接入地区、受访者职业特征和性别类型等差异后,数字技术使用在农户实现共同富裕中仍发挥显著的“桥梁”作用,但该作用在受访者阶层认同和学历层次两方面存在差异性。数字技术使用对阶层认同为“中”“上”和较高人力资本组受访者的共同富裕实现均具有显著的“桥梁”作用,但对于阶层认同为“下”和较低人力资本组受访者,数字技术使用的影响效应未通过显著性检验。由此认为“能力鸿沟”是制约数字技术发挥促进共同富裕“桥梁”效应的关键,并进一步提出实施“农村居民数字强能赋能行动”,助力农户通过数字技术使用促进共同富裕的启示。     

中国数字鸿沟与贫困问题研究

运用向量自回归(VAR)和格兰杰因果关系检验了中国数字鸿沟导致经济发展落后地区贫困固化问题,进一步揭示出在信息社会,数字鸿沟与贫困形成了一条因果链,因此有必要把消除数字鸿沟作为脱贫的首要措施。此外,在借鉴国外经验的基础上,提出了消除我国数字鸿沟的宏观对策思路。