论平等就业权的法律保护

平等就业权是一项基本的劳动权,也是当代人权概念的重要构成内容。与国外关于平等就业权立法的相对完善状况相比,我国的相关法律领域还存在着极大的漏洞与不足,特别是近年来在就业领域中日益显现的“基因歧视”与“数字鸿沟”等问题,都在不同程度地阻碍着平等就业权的实现。要在进一步完善现有法律体系的同时,通过专门立法和引入平权行为政策等措施,给平等就业权以切实保护。     

'Reconnecting' the Unemployed

This paper discusses the potential uses of the Internet and other forms of information and communication technology (ICT) as a tool for delivering information services for unemployed people, comparing the experiences and attitudes of jobseekers in peri-urban and remote rural labour markets. The analysis is based upon research carried out in two areas: the first combining a remote rural town with a much larger, more sparsely populated, rural 'travel-to-work area'; the second, a centrally located peri-urban labour market. Survey research undertaken in the study areas gathered responses from 490 unemployed jobseekers. Emerging issues were then followed up during twelve focus groups. The study found that the use of ICT for job seeking remained a marginal activity for most unemployed people, but was much more important in remote rural communities. In these areas, jobseekers were more likely to use the Internet as a search tool and were particularly dependent on telephone helplines provided by the public employment service (PES). However, the study also found that a 'digital divide' was evident within the unemployed client group. Those with low educational attainment, the long-term unemployed, young people and those perceiving their ICT skills to be 'poor' were less likely to use the Internet. Although respondents in rural areas were more likely to use ICT to look for work, they also pointed to the overriding importance of informal, social networks as a means of sharing job information in remote communities. We conclude that ICT may have a future role in the delivery of services for jobseekers, especially in rural areas. However, policies are required to ensure that information provided through ICT-based services is locally relevant, and disadvantaged groups have access to the facilities and training they require.     

TESTING THE LEAP-FROG HYPOTHESIS: The impact of existing infrastructure and telecommunications policy on the global digital divide

This paper tests the 'leap-frog' hypothesis by modeling the impact of existing telecommunications infrastructure, controlling for economic, political and demographic factors, on changes in information communication technology (ICT) access for over 200 countries between 1995 and 2005. This study has significantly greater coverage than previous research, in terms of both time frame and country cases. First, the analysis demonstrates that in the first decade of the information society successful leap-frog countries are few and far between. Second, the relative distribution of personal computers, internet hosts and secure servers among the nations of the world has barely improved over the last decade. Third, contrary to received wisdom, most of the countries that might qualify as successful leap-frog countries are actually among the wealthiest in the world. Finally, while policy reform in the telecommunications sector can sometimes speed the diffusion of digital communication tools, the record of market reforms is mixed, and the overall effect of economic wealth is still paramount. In sum, a few poor countries have leapt ahead in the development of a few aspects of ICT infrastructure and use, but these relatively rare successes are more likely to be due to economic productivity than to privatization, regulatory separation and depoliticization, or market liberalization in the telecommunications sector.     

对我国“电子政府”建设的再思考

信息时代的到来对原有的政府运作方式提出了新的要求.几乎所有国家都力图运用信息技术,尤其是网络技术重塑一个更有效率的政府.我国"政府上网"工程已经实施近五年了,已经取得了一定成果,但我国电子政府建设仍面临来自国内外各方面的许多问题和挑战.文章提出和分析了我国电子政府建设所面临的问题和挑战,并提出了一些有针对性的解决思路.     

论数字鸿沟与农村沟通网络的重构

城乡地区数字鸿沟的出现,进一步影响农村管理结构诸如沟通网络。信息是影响数字鸿沟的重要因素,数字鸿沟与沟通过程有着多重交互性,因经济条件对媒介接触的差异而产生数字鸿沟,已有相关实证。数字鸿沟对农村沟通网络产生了很大影响,因此应找出重构农村沟通网络的关键点。即在沟通网络中树立信息把关人,提升农民信息素养,建立信息管理的科学模式,构建因人而异灵活的沟通网络。     

纳米鸿沟的伦理反思

由于纳米技术在新技术革命中的基础性作用,它的突破有望引导下一次产业革命。然而,各个国家和地区不同的经济实力和技术基础,决定了它们在纳米技术发展过程中存在明显的起点差距。现有的知识产权保护制度和财富分配制度可能会加大起点差距,从而形成类似于“数字鸿沟”那样的“纳米鸿沟”。“纳米鸿沟”蕴含并强化了发展起点不公平、代价与收益不公平、教育与发展机会不公平等伦理问题。     

Migration to London and the development of the north–south divide, 1851–1911

This article uses census data for England and Wales covering the period 1851–1911 to provide new insights into patterns of migration to London. It examines several related themes including the role migration played in London’s growth during this period, age and gender differentials and distance travelled. Calculating net migration rates, the article demonstrates that after age 30, of those born outside of London, more left the Capital than came, yet over time an increasing proportion of the migrant population was retained. The proportion of family migrants fluctuated over the period, yet compared to others tended to travel shorter distances, a feature which increased over time with suburbanization. Turning to the geographical origins of migrants, London drew migrants from across the entirety of England and Wales. However, the data suggest that the migrant sex ratio became more homogeneous over time, with distinct pockets of male dominated migration that were visible in 1851 disappearing by 1911. Lastly, the article investigates migration from the perspective of place of departure rather than destination, as is traditionally the case. This reveals a distinct regional geography, suggesting that the present-day north–south divide was already evident in 1851, and became increasingly distinct over time.     

分裂的主体——论《黑暗的心》中库尔兹这一人物的文化寓意

从语言的分析入手把握库尔兹分裂的主体,指出"他者"的存在是主体分裂的基础,语言的分裂又进一步加深了主体的分裂,从而揭示菲勒斯对个体造成的压抑,消解了人类自由与解放的可能.     

我国数字鸿沟影响因素关系结构模型研究

针对建立测度“数字鸿沟”的结构模型,通过对已有关于数字鸿沟综合指标体系、测度模型和结构模型等方面研究成果的总结、分析、归纳和演绎,选取了具有典型意义的指标,确定了中国区域数字鸿沟的主要影响因素,运用解析结构模型（ISM）分析法分析其关系结构,构造了一个较为符合中国信息化发展的理想化递阶结构模型,这些结果对于数字鸿沟的测度和政策制定与评价有着重要的指导意义。     

Older Adults and Emerging Digital Service Delivery: A Mixed Methods Study on Information and Communications Technology Use,Skills, and Attitudes

Based on data from a survey (n = 3291) and 14 qualitative interviews among Danish older adults, this study investigated the use of, and attitudes toward, information communications technology (ICT) and the digital delivery of public services. While age, gender, and socioeconomic status were associated with use of ICT, these determinants lost their explanatory power when we controlled for attitudes and experiences. We identified three segments that differed in their use of ICT and attitudes toward digital service delivery. As nonuse of ICT often results from the lack of willingness to use it rather than from material or cognitive deficiencies, policy measures for bridging the digital divide should focus on skills and confidence rather than on access or ability.