The Influence of Facial Emotion Displays, Gender, and Ethnicity on Judgments of Dominance and Affiliation

Facial expressions of emotions convey not only information about emotional states but also about interpersonal intentions. The present study investigated whether factors known to influence the decoding of emotional expressions—the gender and ethnicity of the stimulus person as well as the intensity of the expression—would also influence attributions of interpersonal intentions. For this, 145 men and women rated emotional facial expressions posed by both Caucasian and Japanese male and female stimulus persons on perceived dominance and affiliation. The results showed that the sex and the ethnicity of the encoder influenced observers' ratings of dominance and affiliation. For anger displays only, this influence was mediated by expectations regarding how likely it is that a particular encoder group would display anger. Further, affiliation ratings were equally influenced by low intensity and by high intensity expressions, whereas only fairly intense emotional expressions affected attributions of dominance.     

从出口导向到内需主导——中国外向型经济发展战略的反思及转变

出口导向战略作为一个国家或地区在经济起飞阶段的指导战略是行之有效的,但具有一定的时代性和阶段性。中国作为一个正在成长中的世界性经济大国,必须具有自己自主性较强的经济发展战略。当前,中国所实施的外向型经济发展战略正面临着越来越大的国内外阻力,付出越来越高昂的发展成本。中国要保持经济的长期快速健康增长,就必须改变当前以出口为主导的外向型经济发展战略,把经济发展的增长动力由国外转移到国内,建立以内需主导为本、外需出口为辅的经济发展战略。     

试论电视在多种媒体竞争中的强势--对电视大众性、纪实性、思辩性的思考

在媒体风起云涌的新时期,电视面临着报纸、广播、网络,乃至手机短信的日趋激烈的竞争和冲击.作为目前仍为大众第一媒体的电视如何出手应对,在多种媒体的竞争中继续保持强大的优势,这是许多电视人当前正在思考和探索的课题.面对竞争,电视应该在保持固有优势的基础上,坚持"三贴近"原则,在电视的大众性、纪实性、思辩性上进行创新和发展.大众性就是要捡好看的拍,纪实性就是要用画面的力量再现生活,思辩性就是要发挥综合优势进行深度报道.     

多标准决策表中发现概率规则的变精度粗糙集方法

用优势关系代替不可分辨关系,本文提出了一种可以从多标准决策表中获取概率规则的扩展变精度粗糙集模型,该模型能够处理多标准决策表中可能的不一相容性,获取由偏好对象组成的概率决策规则集,并导出事例决策系统的偏好模型。研究结果表明:基于优势关系,从多标准决策表中获取的最小概率规则集,使用的条件数量较少,且导出规则的数量较少、较强。     

试论后金主称帝的时间

后金主称帝的时间问题,一直是学术界争论的话题。本文通过大量翔实的资料,论证出朝鲜人赵庆男1619年前后说更为允妥,从而否定了国内学术界的1636年说法。     

Consistent Tests for Stochastic Dominance

Methods are proposed for testing stochastic dominance of any pre–specified order, with primary interest in the distributions of income. We consider consistent tests, that are similar to Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests, of the complete set of restrictions that relate to the various forms of stochastic dominance. For such tests, in the case of tests for stochastic dominance beyond first order, we propose and justify a variety of approaches to inference based on simulation and the bootstrap. We compare these approaches to one another and to alternative approaches based on multiple comparisons in the context of a Monte Carlo experiment and an empirical example.     

The Theory of Global Games on Test: Experimental Analysis of Coordination Games with Public and Private Information

The theory of global games has shown that coordination games with multiple equilibria may have a unique equilibrium if certain parameters of the payoff function are private information instead of common knowledge. We report the results of an experiment designed to test the predictions of this theory. Comparing sessions with common and private information, we observe only small differences in behavior. For common information, subjects coordinate on threshold strategies that deviate from the global game solution towards the payoff‐dominant equilibrium. For private information, thresholds are closer to the global game solution than for common information. Variations in the payoff function affect behavior as predicted by comparative statics of the global game solution. Predictability of coordination points is about the same for both information conditions.     

Mapping IS failure factors on PRINCE2® stages: an application of Interpretive Ranking Process (IRP)

The social, political and cultural issues faced by organisations and their senior management team in the delivery and adoption of strategic projects, is highly complex and problematic. Despite a mature body of literature, increasing levels of practitioner certification, application of standards and numerous government initiatives, improvements in success have been minimal. In this study, we analyse the key underlying factors surrounding the failure of Information Systems (IS) projects and explore the merits of articulating a narrative that focuses on senior management embracing practical pessimism. Specifically, we develop a hypothesis supported by empirical study that leverages expert’s views on the dominance and interrelationships between failure factors within PRINCE2® project stages using an Interpretive Ranking Process. Our findings establish how the concept of dominance between individual failure factors can necessitate senior management to make key informed and timely decisions that could potentially influence project outcomes based on an empirical derived, interpretive predictive framework.     

对幼儿园师幼互动若干问题的思考

在幼儿园中,师幼互动是贯穿于幼儿一日生活中最核心的人际互动,它构成了幼儿园教育的重要组成部分.师幼互动对幼儿发展的价值何在,如何正确认识师幼互动中公平与差异的关系以及互动双方在互动过程中的角色定位,如何创设积极有效的师幼互动的基本条件,是值得探讨的课题.     

More on the measurement of inequality

The article, written in 1973, examines what comparisons of income distributions can be made when Lorenz curves cross, employing the concept of third-order stochastic dominance. “More on the measurement of inequality” as reviewed by Prof. P. Lambert will appear in the Rediscovered Classics section, along with the editorial.