人员流动对组织间隐性知识共享影响研究

促进组织间隐性知识共享是一个企业取得成功的关键.隐性知识和人与人之间传染病的传播途径非常相似,主要是通过人与人之间的直接接触进行传播的.文章受传染病动力学建模思想的启发,针对有人员相互流动的两个组织,并考虑员工的引入和离职,构建了两组织间的隐性知识传播动力学模型,给出区分实现组织间隐性知识共享与否的阈值,并对模型进行数值仿真以验证所得理论结果的正确性.从理论性定量研究的角度说明,在两组织间适当进行人员流动能有效促进组织间隐性知识共享,而如果人员流动不合理则会起到抑制作用.     

Speculating with human rights: two South Asian women writers and utopian mobilities

ABSTRACT

Utopian and dystopian fiction are classifiable under the umbrella term speculative fiction, which speculates with or takes risks with the reality it creates in the fiction. My paper investigates speculative writing which is also utopian by South Asian feminist and activist women, comparing creative texts by Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain, from the first half of the 20^th century, and Vandana Singh, from contemporary times. A selection of their published short fiction are focused on, in particular Hossain’s ‘Sultana’s Dream’ (1905) and Padmarag and the short story ‘Delhi’ by Singh. The article pulls together analysis of different kinds of mobility to argue that both writers, in their imagination of mobile utopia, also further creative speculations round human rights, with special reference to gender and the city. The article analyses how South Asian metropolises, notably Calcutta and Delhi, get reimagined in their writing. Both Hossain and Singh were/are educators in real life. How do their educative and speculative voices come together (or not) in their mobile utopia reimagining human rights? My answer is that the speculative reality-bending mode offers an articulation of the educative in a very different key to the conventionally pedagogic.     

Rapid Gender Analysis and its use in crises: from zero to fifty in five years

ABSTRACT

This article explores how and why the international non-government organisation, CARE, developed its own system of gender analysis, Rapid Gender Analysis (RGA), during the humanitarian response in Syria. The article tracks and reviews a sample of the first 50 CARE RGA reports to share recurrent gender themes that emerge across them, including the lack of women’s meaningful participation in decision-making, limitations on women and girls’ mobility, increased risks of gender-based violence, and recurring issues facing humanitarian organisations in providing a gender-sensitive response. RGA has now been used in more than 50 crises around the world and is featured as a good practice in the Inter-Agency Standing Committee Gender Handbook. It is giving humanitarians faster and more complete access to information about gender norms than ever before. But, this article asks, has the RGA made a difference and, if so, to whom?     

Make way for the wealthy? Autonomous vehicles,markets in mobility,and social justice

ABSTRACT

The development of a ‘mobility as a service’ model for accessing urban transport via autonomous vehicles may be expected to have far-reaching implications for the economics of road transport. In particular, it would offer a new opportunity to price access to the roads in accordance with the principles of the free market. Once people are paying for mobility on the roads on a ‘per trip’ basis, it will be possible to offer different levels of access – and service – at different prices. According to hegemonic ideas in the transport planning and economics literature the introduction of such a ‘market in mobility’ would be an economically efficient way of allocating access to the scarce good of space on the roads. In this paper we draw attention to a number of ethical and political challenges to the appropriateness of the use of such a pricing mechanism in the context of urban mobility.     

《乡村教师支持计划(2015-2020年)》实施情况的调查研究

通过问卷、访谈等方式对《乡村教师支持计划（2015-2020年）》的实施情况进行调查研究,结果发现：《乡村教师支持计划（2015-2020年）》的实施成效主要表现在乡村教师流失减少、工资待遇提高、培训机会增多、补充机制逐步完善以及教师轮岗增多五个方面;在这一计划的实施过程中也出现了五个方面的问题,主要表现为《乡村教师支持计划（2015-2020年）》知晓度低、经费投入不足、教师空缺现象依然严重、职称评聘不尽合理、激励措施乏力。据此,提出四项建议：以省级政府为主导逐级宣传相关政策,增加机动编制补充乡村学校短缺学科教师,由教育行政部门统筹组织乡村教师职称评聘,以省为单位建立乡村教师专项奖励基金,从而充分发挥教师政策的作用,努力提高政策效能。     

剧变中的我国留守妻子及其学术与公共政策含义

针对被广泛使用的“留守妇女冶概念的歧义,文章首先提出了“留守妻子冶概念。 2000 年以来全国人口普查和 1% 人口抽样调查资料揭示,我国留守妻子在进入 21 世纪后发生了一系列重大变化:其规模由剧增到快速减少,农村留守妻子的规模减少更早更快,留守妻子的来源地构成正在经历快速城镇化,留守妻子的居住方式类型构成正在快速直系化等。 这些变化有着重要的学术研究和公共政策含义。     

流动人口的社会阶层、社会流动与未婚先孕——以上海市为例

采用二元逻辑斯蒂回归模型,从社会阶层与社会流动的视角对影响流动人口未婚先孕的因素进行分析.关于社会阶层的研究结果显示,育龄妇女的受教育程度与月均收入水平两因素的影响结果显著,受教育程度越高未婚先孕的比例越低,收入越高未婚先孕的比例越低.育龄妇女的户口对未婚先孕不产生显著性影响;关于社会流动的研究结果显示,育龄妇女婚姻的教育匹配与户口匹配对未婚先孕有着显著性影响,教育匹配的上向流动增加未婚先孕的比例,下向流动降低未婚先孕的比例.但户口匹配却显示出上向流动降低未婚先孕的比例,下向流动增加未婚先孕的比例.     

Household Registration Reform,Labor Mobility and Optimization of the Urban Hierarchy

A rational hierarchy of rank-size distribution is indispensable for optimizing the urban hierarchy. On the basis of the number of permanent urban residents, using rank-size rule testing and core density estimation within the framework of spatial economics, we set up a labor force location choice model and conducted quantitative simulations. Our findings show that the structure of China’s urban hierarchy differs from the pyramid structure of Zipf’s Law, and the household registration system impedes the free movement of labor and makes the size distribution of cities deviate from Pareto optimality. Household registration (hukou) reform will be conducive to the optimization of the urban hierarchy. Optimizing the urban hierarchy should become a consistent objective in today’s development of new-type urbanization, city clusters and metropolitan areas.     

Ten years of Boko Haram: how transportation drives Africa’s deadliest insurgency

ABSTRACT

This article challenges the ways in which much scholarship on terrorism and insurgencies have been ‘a-mobile.’ It addresses this problem by drawing on the ‘new mobilities paradigm’ to explore analytically how the decade-long Boko Haram insurgency in north-eastern Nigeria have developed around the system of automobility and have simultaneously been transformed by it. The analysis extends to the impact of the violent insurgency and state regulation on populations whose livelihoods are rooted in mobility. Foregrounding automobility as a lethal weapon, an instrument of power, the article recasts the evolution and mutation of Boko Haram in light of how the group weaponizes transportation/mobility, and how it interacts with differently and differentially mobile others. This article should be seen as a first attempt to insert the subject of (auto)mobility into the rapidly growing literature on Boko Haram, contributing to our meagre understanding of how movement and stasis influences the group’s tactics and choice of targets. It brings together qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, media reports, and hours of observations at roadblocks and control posts operated by a local security assemblage of police officers, paramilitaries, and soldiers.     

从“官吏分途”到“层级分流”:帝国逻辑下的中国官僚人事制度

魏晋南北朝以来的“官吏分途”是中国官僚体制的重大制度变迁,本文从这一角度出发,审视当代中国官员的空间流动状况,提出以“官吏相对谱系”为特点的“层级分流”模式。文章从周雪光的“帝国逻辑”分析框架出发,借用史学研究和社会科学理论来认识和解释人事制度安排与帝国治理逻辑之间的关系。文章认为,从“官吏分途”到“层级分流”,这一人事制度造成了官僚体制的二元结构及其迥然不同的职业生涯、激励设置和利益群体,为中国官僚体制的运作打上了鲜明烙印。本文充实和扩展了“帝国逻辑”的理论思路。