Economic mobility moderates the effect of relative deprivation on financial gambling motives and disordered gambling

This study examined whether a positive association between personal relative deprivation and disordered gambling severity is mediated by the motivation to gamble for financial gain. We hypothesized that this would occur specifically among people who perceived a low personal capacity for upward economic mobility via conventional means of advancement. A sample of community gamblers (N = 196) completed measures of personal relative deprivation, perceptions about upward economic mobility, gambling motivations (financial, coping, enhancement and social) and disordered gambling severity. The predicted moderated mediation model was observed – among people who perceived a low capacity for upward economic mobility, relative deprivation predicted disordered gambling severity via the motivation to gamble for financial gain. This indirect effect did not hold among people who perceived a high capacity for upward mobility. These findings suggest the importance of addressing beliefs about upward economic mobility in gambling prevention and intervention strategies. Among gamblers who feel relatively deprived, it may be advantageous to highlight feasible avenues for upward economic mobility that do not involve gambling.     

Questioning diaspora: mobility,mutation, and historiography of the Shaw Brothers film studio

This piece reviews the historical accounts of Shaw Brothers Studio, targeting its presentation as a diaspora company whose commercialism was enhanced by political pragmatism, frugality, and agility. The studio's activities were constrained by twentieth-century geopolitics, but its behavior was also shaped by its show business competitors, new technologies, and emergent popular forms. Existing historical accounts tend to overstate the studio's diasporic qualities, especially compared to other firms. This essay argues that there are limits to the diaspora model and proposes a more complex understanding of the firm. Alternative factors are considered in the company's colonial stratagems, in both its earlier and later phases, and in its dealings with Hong Kong's left-wing studios and subsequent business in Taiwan. Finally, Shaw Brothers Studio's appropriation of Japanese and other Asian talent is significant to the diaspora model of Shaw Brothers Studio.     

试论影响高校教师职业流动的因素

高校教师职业流动与我国高校体制改革和政策导向直接相关,高校教师的流动在不同时期有不同的成因及态势。第一阶段大多与调整用非所学、专业不对口直接有关;第二阶段以行政调动为主;第三阶段多是教师的自由选择。     

“科举流动”争议中的标准和条件问题

科举考试制度多大程度上促进社会流动,研究者争议不断,形成“流动派”、“非流动派”和“中间派”三种科举流动观点.二元社会分层思维和流动参照点选择差异是造成各方分歧的关键,这是科举流动标准设定问题,也是科举流动条件辨析的问题.从“分层流动”视角考察,科举流动是一个代际渐进的过程,教育是科举流动的根本条件     

Who is on the rise in Austria: Wage mobility and mobility risk

In this paper we investigate earnings mobility in Austria from the angle of individual persons. Earnings mobility over time has two aspects: Positional changes and the volatility of earnings over time. Whereas the further is a positive outcome, more volatility as such can be seen as negative. We use Austrian data from tax authorities to find out how population characteristics are related to these two concepts of earnings mobility. Our main results concern initial positions: The higher up you are at the beginning, the more difficult is further positional advancement, moreover, in terms of volatility we see that those in the lowest quantiles of the earnings distribution face the highest volatility of earnings positions over time. *Rudolf Winter-Ebmer is also associated with CEPR, London and IZA, Bonn.     

Disadvantaged through discrimination? The role of employers in social stratification1

Sociologists have consistently demonstrated that a rather strong association exists between an individual's social class origin and their social class destination, even after controlling for educational attainment. One explanation for this persisting association which is rarely addressed in research in social stratification and mobility is the extent to which class inequalities in access to advantaged class positions are due to discrimination by employers. I set up a field experiment to test whether employers discriminate on the basis of class origin characteristics. I sent letters of job application for professional and managerial occupations to 2560 large UK companies, so as to compare the prospects of equally matched potential employees differing on a range of characteristics, some related to class of origin. The six treatment conditions in the experiment were: the name of the candidate, the type of school attended, the candidate's interests outside work, their sex, the university that they attended and their achieved degree class. Results suggest that employers do pay attention to the class origin characteristics tested here, and that candidates with a name, school type and interests associated with the social elite are more likely to receive a reply to their application than candidates with the equivalent non‐elite characteristics. However, the treatment conditions do not, on the whole, have significant effects on the employers' responses in and of themselves. Instead, employers appear to favour particular combinations of characteristics while penalising others.     

社会流动视角下的农民继续教育研究

教育具有促进社会流动的作用。在社会流动的过程中,由于农民一次教育的缺失,使他们在社会流动的过程中处于弱势地位。对农民实施继续教育是改变这种状况的途径之一。本文首先探讨了继续教育的内涵,然后分析了继续教育与农民流动之间的关系,并提出建立农民继续教育体系的具体对策。     

The effects of measurement error and omitted variables when using transition matrices to measure intergenerational mobility

This paper examines the consequences of specification error when transition matrices are used to analyse patterns of intergenerational mobility. We show that classical measurement error in both the child’s and parent’s earnings can lead to biased results, with summary mobility measures biased by as much as 20% in some cases. Furthermore our results suggest that the extent of the bias is most severe in the tails of the distribution. Omitted conditioning variables appear to have a modest effect on transition matrices in our model.     

农村劳动力流动模式选择影响因素分析

文章基于陕西、河南两省随机调查数据,以职业和地理区位变化为标准,将农户分为四种流动模式,运用多元定类logit回归模型,在农户水平上探讨了农户流动模式选择的影响因素.结果表明,家庭收入、家庭主要劳动力数、劳动力平均受教育年限、地区就业环境等对农村劳动力流动模式选择都有重要影响,特别指出季节性就业流动模式是竞争弱势家庭在本地竞争被挤出后的次优选择.此外,流动模式选择表现出了较明显的区域特征.     

授之以鱼不如授之以渔?——财富资本、社会资本、人力资本与中国代际收入流动

在子代福利方面所体现的利他主义是经济个体的一大特征,为提升后代福利所作的努力也是人类社会发展的重要动力之一。然而,父代既可以投资于子代的人力资本,以提高子代获取收入的自身能力("授之以渔");也可以通过权力寻租和积累财富,直接提高子代收入("授之以鱼")。这一选择主要取决于这两种途径在提升子代收入方面的效率比较,并将对经济社会发展产生完全不同的影响。本文的计量分析结果表明,虽然人力资本对中国的代际收入传递起到了重要作用,但是社会资本的影响也呈现出不容忽视的上升趋势,以房屋资产和金融资产为代表的家庭财富更是表现出远大于上述两种资产的解释力和回报率,而这可能带来对子代经济能力的投资扭曲。通过进一步深化体制改革,引导人们正确地对子代经济能力进行投资,对中国当前的经济转型和持续的健康发展具有重要的现实意义。