Are dual and single exposures differently associated with clinical levels of trauma symptoms? Examining physical abuse and witnessing intimate partner violence among young children

A significant portion of children living in the United States have experienced trauma. Informed by the developmental traumatology model, we explored the effects of physical abuse and witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV) on childhood trauma symptoms. This study utilizes a convenience sample of 580 high‐risk children between 3 and 12 years who received services from one‐child advocacy centre during a 12‐month period. We performed a series of binary logistic regression analyses to examine if physical abuse, exposure to IPV, and dual exposure (i.e., both physical abuse and IPV) are distinctly associated with six trauma symptoms, including anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress (PTS), dissociation, anger, and sexual concerns. The results indicated that dual exposure was predictive of all trauma symptoms, except for dissociation. Additionally, physical abuse was associated with PTS, anger, and sexual concerns, whereas exposure to IPV was associated with depression, PTS, and sexual concerns. Research and implications for practitioners working with young children are discussed.     

大数据背景下个人信息处理行为的法律规制——以个人信息处理行为的双重外部性为分析视角

大数据背景下个人信息处理行为既引发数据安全风险等负外部性，也会带来分享经济价值实现等正外部性，"大数据悖论"现象揭示了双重外部性成因。基于"外部性内在化"原理赋予信息主体以个人信息权并赋予数据控制者以大数据财产权虽有助分别规制其双重外部性，但网络大数据背景下其双重外部性规制彼此交互影响而面临两难困境。法经济学关于"损害之相互性"理论证立了基于"风险导向理念"规制个人信息处理以破解其两难困境的经济逻辑。大数据产业发展有赖个人信息处理的"外部性外部化"而实现分享经济。法经济学关于"公地喜剧"理论证立了基于"外部性外部化"规制个人信息处理而满足大数据产业发展需要的经济逻辑。大数据背景下个人信息处理的规制有赖从"压制型法"到兼及"回应型法"的理念转换，从"外部性内在化"兼及"外部性外部化"的机制并举，从数据资源权利配置兼及数字技术权力干预的措施协同，实现大数据产业创新与个人信息安全的有机平衡。     

Optimal asset allocation for participating contracts with mortality risk under minimum guarantee

Abstract

We investigate an optimal investment problem of participating insurance contracts with mortality risk under minimum guarantee. The insurer aims to maximize the expected utility of the terminal payoff. Due to its piecewise payoff structure, this optimization problem is a non-concave utility maximization problem. We adopt a concavification technique and a Lagrange dual method to solve the problem and derive the representations of the optimal wealth process and trading strategies. We also carry out some numerical analysis to show how the portfolio insurance constraint impacts the optimal terminal wealth.     

基于数量柔性契约的双源应急物资采购定价模型

针对灾害事件发生的不确定性以及灾害发生后应急物资需求量的爆发式增长，本文设计了一个政府主导的基于数量柔性契约的双源应急物资采购模型。在存在一个现货市场的情况下，政府除了常规采购外，还会与供应方签订一份数量柔性契约，用以建立政企联合储备应急物资的合作关系。通过数理推导，本文发现灾害事件发生概率，政府自身储备量，现货市场采购价格会对双方决策产生重要影响，并给出三个影响因素在满足不同条件时政企双方的最优决策，同时进一步分析了这三个因素对政府采购成本与供应方利润的影响。最后，通过数值模拟的方式对所得结论进行了验证。本文的研究为政府与企业构建联合储备应急物资的合作关系提供了指导与依据。     

For an integrative theory of social behaviour: Theorising with and beyond rational choice theory

Most sociologists are not content with merely relating macrosocial phenomena to preceding macrosocial causes in their causal explanations of social phenomena. Instead they are seeking to provide (non‐reductive) microfoundations with which they can corroborate and make understandable the connection between macrosocial phenomena. In order to do so a theory (or theories) of human action is required. One such theory, rational choice theory (RCT), has long been viewed with strong suspicion in sociology. I show such suspicion to be partially justified. RCT cannot be a general theory of social behaviour. Nonetheless, there are important insights in various versions of RCT that should not be discarded. In order to improve upon RCT and move toward a more unified or integrative theory of action social‐psychological research has to be taken note of. I demonstrate how dual‐process theories and the research on heuristics can help sociologists move beyond RCT without contradicting some of its more basic insights.     

西部城市农民工双重社会适应研究——基于重庆的问卷调查

论文通过问卷调查数据,采用定量研究方法,对重庆市农民工城市和农村社会适应状况进行了比较,并分析了影响农民工城市社会适应的因素。农民工城乡社会适应水平都不高,城市职业适应和生活适应高于农村,农村文化适应比城市文化适应更好。多元线性回归结果表明:教育程度、收入、打工时间、和配偶一起打工、社会剥夺感、政府帮助等对农民工城市社会适应的不同方面有显著性影响。     

劳动力流动的经济分析

在发展中国家,劳动力流动是一个普遍的经济现象。剩余劳动力由农业部门向工业部门的流动,就能提高了两部门的生产规模,促进了两部门的经济增长。对劳动力流动的经济分析,能够为政府制定经济政策提供理论依据。     

马克思早期对人的本质理解方式的变化

马克思早期通过批判利己主义,追求人的自由解放。他分析了政治解放所造成的人的二重化,进而阐明了人们的阶级差别和对立。通过研究政治经济学,马克思用人固有的社会本质来批判以货币为中介的异己交往关系,把自由自觉的劳动作为人的类本质,批判了资本主义的异化劳动,阐明黑格尔哲学中的自我是对利己主义的人的理论抽象。针对青年黑格尔派对人的孤立化理解,马克思强调,利己主义的人处于社会联系中。在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中,马克思从现实的社会实践出发,把人的本质理解为现实社会关系的总和,超越了费尔巴哈的类本质的观点。在《德意志意识形态》中,马克思从既定社会条件下的现实的个人出发,批判了施蒂纳的极端利己主义等,创立了历史唯物主义。     

Deliberate Trust and Intuitive Faith: A Dual‐Process Model of Reliance

Drawing on the dual process framework from social and cognitive psychology, this paper reconciles two distinct conceptualizations of trust prevalent in the literature: “rational” calculative and irrational “affective” or normative. After critically reviewing previous attempts at reconciliation between these distinctions, we argue that the notion of trust as “reliance” is the higher order category of which “deliberate trust” and “intuitive faith” are subtypes. Our revised approach problematizes the conflation of epistemic uncertainty with phenomenological uncertainty while providing sound footing for a key sociological insight: that reliance on the routine social order is both the cognitive default and based on substantial practical evidence. We develop two broad suggestions for future research from these implications: (1) sociological research should examine the role of intuitive faith—as opposed to deliberate trust—in late modern societies, and (2) analysts should challenge the role of deliberate trust as the “modal” form of reliance in contemporary research.     

“双轨水利”:农村水利运行机制的文化人类学研究——以广西S村为例

从费孝通对乡土中国的双轨政治概念出发,通过对农村水利发展历史的梳理,探寻出农村水利机制运行规律的两条道路——双轨水利,并指出推行水利社区化是对以往民间水治道路的恢复与重构,同时也是作为消弥当下农村水利困境的有效途径。