A Bayesian hierarchical approach to dual response surface modelling

In modern quality engineering, dual response surface methodology is a powerful tool to model an industrial process by using both the mean and the standard deviation of the measurements as the responses. The least squares method in regression is often used to estimate the coefficients in the mean and standard deviation models, and various decision criteria are proposed by researchers to find the optimal conditions. Based on the inherent hierarchical structure of the dual response problems, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical approach to model dual response surfaces. Such an approach is compared with two frequentist least squares methods by using two real data sets and simulated data.     

Parent Care as Unpaid Family Labor: How Do Spouses Share?

The study adapts theories of the household division of labor to the division of parent care between spouses and expands them by taking the kin relationship with the parent and the intensity of care into account. Tobit and weighted logit models are used to analyze the division of parent care in 2,214 couples from the British General Household Surveys. The models revealed patterns of parent care that are predominantly governed by the kin relationship. Time availability was strongly associated with couples' division of parent care, whereas the resource‐bargaining approach received little support except for dual‐earner couples that provided more intensive care for the husband's parents. Children‐in‐law's characteristics were hardly related to the division of high‐intensity caregiving in dual‐earner couples.     

Gender Asymmetry in Family Migration: Occupational Inequality or Interspousal Comparative Advantage?

This paper examines gender inequality in the determinants of job‐related long‐distance migration among married dual‐earner couples during the 1980s and 1990s. The analysis tested the structural explanation, which attributes gender asymmetry in family migration to structural inequality in the labor market, and the comparative advantage explanation derived from relative resource theory. The analysis used individual‐ and family‐level data from 5,504 Panel Study of Income Dynamics families, occupation‐level data from the 1980–2000 U.S. Decennial Censuses Integrated Public Use Micro Samples, and discrete‐time event history models. Gender differences in the determinants of family migration were not explained by gender differences in occupational characteristics, but the results partially support the relative resource theory by illustrating the conditioning influence of interspousal comparative advantage.     

城乡经济社会一体化的理论演进

改革开放以来,中国经济实现了持续快速发展,但城乡二元结构一直是制约经济社会健康发展的瓶颈。鉴于此,中央提出了加快形成＂城乡经济社会发展一体化新格局＂的时代命题。在此,对城乡经济社会一体化战略提出的背景与过程、与＂城乡经济社会一体化＂相关的几个概念及其关系、城乡经济社会一体化的主要内容等问题进行阐述。     

新形势下促进农民增收的政策选择

近几年我国农民收入增长困难存在着制约性因素,本文针对存在问题提出了“十一五”期间促进农民增收的对策建议,以实现我国农村经济以及整个国民经济的快速发展。     

基于利他属性的双渠道供应链研究

针对电子渠道和传统零售渠道之间复杂的关系,本文构建了一个基于利他属性的双渠道供应链模型,探讨了渠道替代率和利他属性对模型的影响。首先,分析集中决策模型,给出了均衡解和供应链的最优收益,结果表明渠道替代率越高,供应链的最优收益越低;然后,在分散决策模型中,采用斯坦格尔伯格博弈的方法,探讨渠道替代率对决策变量和目标函数的影响,并研究利他属性与渠道效率的关系,结果表明利他属性的存在有助于提高供应链的渠道效率。在此基础上,讨论了供应链模型的帕累托改进区间,给出了获取改进区间的条件。最后,通过数值分析,揭示了利他属性与供应商和零售商收益的关系。     

公司经理和经理权的双重性

公司制度的发展经历了由最初的"股东会中心主义"到确立"董事会中心主义".并随着经济的发展在提高经营效率的压力下,爆发了一场意义重大的"经理革命",专业经理取代公司所有者成为决策者,其权力大大增加.与此同时也产生了经理层权力过多,损害公司以及所有者利益的问题.公司经理的法律地位、性质以及经理权能的范围界定不清,是产生这些问题的根本原因,因此有必要对公司经理的身份、权能做清晰的界定,防止公司运行过程中权力膨胀和权力缺失现象的发生,使公司利益和所有者(股东)的利益得到相应保护.     

不同价格模式下的双渠道供应链决策研究

针对由直销渠道和传统零售渠道组成的供应链,考虑需求同时受价格和广告投入影响的情况下供应链的最优决策问题。分别讨论由零售商决定渠道价格的价格一致模式和制造商与零售商分别决定渠道价格的价格非一致模式下的Stackelberg博弈模型,并研究在价格非一致模式下合作广告对决策的影响。最后算例分析将两种价格模式与集中决策模式下的最优决策值及供应链总收益进行比较。分析结果表明,对于制造商和整个双渠道供应链而言,采用价格非一致模式优于价格一致的模式。对于零售商而言,在一定条件下价格一致模式对自己有利。     

城市包容性发展与中国新型城市化

论文基于包容性发展及城市化战略转型的背景,探讨包容性发展主旋律下中国新型城市化问题。论文系统梳理了国内外相关研究成果,探究了我国城市选择包容性发展的根源,并在此基础上从发展理念、空间形态、社会整合、经济融合、制度重构等几方面提出中国城市包容性发展战略及城市化路径选择。     

社会主义初级阶段民族关系的二重性特征及发展趋势

社会主义初级阶段的民族关系是社会主义性质的民族关系,它以各民族平等、团结、互助、和谐为基本特征。但从实现程度上看,还处在初级阶段,具有二重性特征,即如民族关系本质特征的规定性和实现程度的相对性;根本利益的一致性和民族权益诉求的特殊性;发展进程的共同性与发展起点的差异性;民族国家认同的总体性和民族意识空前觉醒的个别性等。