An efficiency comparison of dual ratio and product estimatiors

The present paper investigates the efficiency of the dual ratio estimator under the super population model with uncorrelated errors and a gamma-distributed auxiliary variabble. It is found that the dual ratio estimator is more efficient than the product estimator when the auxiliary variable has a gamma distribution with parameter greater than or equal to one, in the case when the regression is through the origin or when the product of intercept and slope is positive.     

The Diaconate as Dual-Skilled Ministry

Abstract

Since Vatican II, a number of Christian groups have sought to reclaim the diaconate in the service of the gospel. Roman Catholic deacons led the way in the United States but diaconal forms of ministry are now part of the structure in the Episcopal Church, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, and The United Methodist Church. Each ecclesiastical entity is still shaping formation programs appropriate to its form of diaconal ministry. This paper argues that the formation for deaconesses, diaconal ministers, and deacons who will seek to build compassionate communities must include skills in discernment that are learned through theological education and the tools for analysis, intervention and change that come from training in social work. The complexities of understanding systems and other factors that create oppression and the necessity of understanding deeply the call to “do justice, love mercy, and walk humbly with your God” (Micah 6:8) require creative approaches to formation such as dual degree programs in social work and theology (MSW and MDiv). Dual degree programs can break down dualisms such as the “body/spirit” split. In order for this to work, the ecclesiastical bodies that supervise programs of formation and education must support candidates for the diaconate who need the dual degrees with money, time, and encouragement.     

The Unintended Effects of Risk‐Refuting Information on Anxiety

Researchers in the field of risk perception have been asking why people are more worried about risk today than in years past. This article explores one possible answer to this question, associative anxiety. The affect heuristic and the mental network models suggest that anxiety triggered by information regarding a particular risk can spread to other risks of the same category. Research to date, however, has not examined how information refuting the particular risk can also be generalized across other risks. The article presents two experimental studies addressing this issue. Study 1 showed that when participants were presented with information based on a real train collision, they experienced increased anxiety not only about train collisions but also about public transportation in general. In contrast, those who were informed about the train collision case as well as the preventative measures implemented after the accident experienced decreased anxiety about train collisions but not about public transportation more generally. Study 2 measured the changes in participant anxiety about a genetically modified organism (GMO) and compared the influence of information about either the existence or nonexistence of its risk. Similar to Study 1, associative anxiety rippled through the risk category. The results also suggest that the follow‐up information refuting the GMO risk reduced the anxiety toward the hazard drastically, but did not fully alleviate the anxiety toward other hazards in the category. The implications and the limitations of these studies are also discussed.     

德国双元制职业教育的特点及其启示

本文对德国双元制职业教育的职业化、实践性、人本化、无缝对接等特点进行了研究分析,认为学习德国双元制职业教育经验,应学习其基本精神,应从我国国情和高职教育特点出发,从校企合作、教师培养、素养教育、教学与学习、教学改革几方面合理借鉴,努力创造中国特色的高职教育。     

中国农产品出口增长的二元边际分析

利用联合国贸易发展会议数据库提供的中国农产品HS六位码出口数据,计算我国向所有贸易伙伴国出口的二元边际及价格指数与数量指数,进一步分析二元边际对我国农产品出口增长的贡献,并就我国向不同国家出口农产品质量差异作简要探讨。结果表明,我国农产品出口主要沿着集约边际方向增长,并且集约边际的贡献率逐年增大;此外,我国向农业生产率较高的国家出口质量相对较高的农产品;对农业规模较大的国家出口农产品逐渐由粗放型增长向集约型增长转变;农产品出口质量不断提高。     

合并财务报表与母公司财务报表双重信息披露研究综述

在会计准则国际趋同的大背景下,各国(或地区)的定期财务报告披露却遵循着各不相同的披露制度.随着经济的发展,合并财务报表已逐渐取代母公司财务报表,成为投资者、公司管理层和监管者关注的重点.制度安排上的多样性凸显了各国经济社会环境对会计的影响,同时也引发了各国(或地区)对现行财务报告披露制度安排的思考.在对国内外现有相关研究进行分析和总结的基础上,通过对合并财务报表与母公司财务报表之间差异的比较研究、双重披露制下合并财务报袁与母公司财务报表的有用性研究、财务报告目标与财务报告披露制度等三个方面的探讨,发现合并财务报表与母公司财务报表双重信息披露的研究,仍有待于从报告主体多重化的角度对现行财务报告目标进行改进,对合并财务报表与母公司财务报表之间的分工与协作进行更广泛的研究,以提高双重信息披露整体有用性.     

城乡二元结构、户籍制度与江苏劳动收入份额

本文运用刘易斯的二元经济模型对江苏劳动收入份额进行了分析,发现在“刘易斯拐点”到来之前,农村剩余劳动力的无限供给加大了就业压力,限制了工资水平的上升,高速经济增长的成果多被资本所分享。具有中国特色的户籍制度进一步限制了城乡间的劳动力流动,使得大量人口滞留农村,导致农业边际产出下降,降低了农民工的保留工资,也制约了城市劳动者的工资水平,使得劳动收入比重长期保持在下降的趋势。对上述结论运用江苏的数据进行验证,证实了二元经济下巨大的就业压力会导致劳动收入份额的下降。     

当代青年农民工婚姻现状考察——基于成都市服务行业青年农民工的调查

以实证方法对当代青年农民工的婚姻现状进行全面考察,结果显示:青年农民工的婚姻呈现传统与现代并存的特点,在城乡二元结构的背景下,他们的婚姻问题凸现,影响其家庭稳定的同时也影响着社会的和谐。解决青年农民工婚姻问题的关键是加强正确引导,消除城乡二元体制。     

关于邬焜先生“相互作用与物质和信息的双重演化”观点的再质疑

邬焜先生"信息本体论"的目的是划分"全新的存在领域",即物质(如月亮)是"直接存在","客观信息"(如水中月)是"间接存在",两者没有整体与部分的关系,直接存在不等于间接存在,强调这是与传统哲学根本不同的"元哲学"。但是,邬先生"信息进化论"居然违背"信息本体论"的规定,声称"物质和信息的双重演化"体现了"亦此亦彼的思想",即物质与"客观信息"两者的演化,"亦此亦彼",间接存在(如水中的月亮)等于直接存在(如天上的月亮)。由于传统哲学里的物质没有可被认知的任何信息(规律和属性),"客观信息"就成了"变相的物质","物质演化"则名存实亡,成为没有任何实际意义的摆设。所谓"物质和信息的双重演化",只是"客观信息"(如水中的月亮)在演化。然而,"客观信息"(如水中的月亮)既不能进化或退化,也不能同化或异化。     

甘肃明代双籍进士的分布

明代甘肃有双籍进士48名,是甘肃进士群的重要组成部分,分布于八朝13个地区,乡贯地涉及全国十二个省、直辖市、39个市县;双籍进士的分布不仅反映了明代移民迁出地和迁入地的一致性,而且显示明代甘肃军事的重要性和大量军事移民的存在。