重庆城乡二元经济现状及其转换理论分析

二元经济结构是重庆经济发展的典型特征,也是制约其经济发展的障碍.通过对城乡居民收入、恩格尔系数、二元对比系数的比较分析,可以看到重庆二元经济的转化过程中,在政府政策向农村倾斜的同时,应大力发展现代农业,鼓励发展乡镇企业,从而完成农村剩余劳动力的转移,建设社会主义新农村.     

农村土地“三权分置”对乡村治理的影响

“三权分置”作为由我国农村大规模土地流转现状倒逼而产生的一种经济制度变革,在推动农村经济体制变迁以及农村基层治理转变的同时,也改变了我国传统乡村共同体的基本性质。新型经营主体的进驻对乡村内生秩序的破坏及新诉求的提出,需要转变乡村治理理念及治理方式;离村农民的年轻化和精英化进一步制约乡村自治能力,对乡村治理提出了更高要求。“三权分置”下乡村社会主体的双重变动,成为土地流转背景下基层治理的新桎梏,制约着乡村治理体系和治理能力现代化的推进,迫切需要传统农村基层治理理念和治理体系的更新。     

Family Financial Risk Taking When the Wife Earns More

This study investigates whether the relative bargaining power of spouses plays a role in explaining household financial risk taking. Traditional models assume that household decisions are made based on pooled resources and common preferences. In contrast, bargaining models hypothesize that household decisions depend on the relative bargaining power of spouses. According to bargaining models, if women are more risk averse, then households should exhibit less financial risk taking as the bargaining power of the wife increases. Results of an analysis of household financial risk taking in a sample of dual-earner, married households from the 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances are more consistent with decision making based on pooled resources rather than on the relative bargaining power of spouses.

福自我求 命自我造——论张三丰丹道修炼思想

张三丰是丹道修炼的集大成者,主张“福自我求,命自我造”。他认为通过丹道修炼可以延年益寿,长生久视,与道合一。他的丹道修炼方法包括清净丹法、同类阴阳丹法和龙虎丹法。“炼己”和“性命双修”是张三丰丹道修炼思想中的两大重要理论。张三丰认为,“炼己”最难,贯穿修炼的始终,“炼己”纯熟才能使修炼达到高超境界。张三丰在丹道修炼中主张“性命双修”,该理论兼及南北二宗派。     

我国城乡二元控制体系与环境问题

当前我国城市环境问题局部有所缓解 ,农村环境问题面临失控 ,造成这种差异的重要原因是城乡控制体系的二元性。为了消除城乡二元控制体系对于农村环境保护的负面影响 ,促进城乡环境保护的一致性 ,应当高度重视以下几个方面 :第一 ,彻底扭转环保方面重城市、轻农村的倾向 ;第二 ,消除地方主义的不良影响 ;第三 ,加强宣传教育 ,提高农村居民的环境意识水平 ;第四 ,积极培育农村民间环保组织 ,促进环境控制与监督。     

在地而新：地方营造视角下的乡村新生活方式建构

在传统、单一的生产效益比较视野下,乡村与城市通常被视为现代化发展的两端。实质上,城乡二者作为两种异质的聚落空间形态,最终服务的是人之生活本身。在这一意义上,乡村可被化约为人在世敞开的经验场域,城乡进而呈现为“一体两面”的关系。引鉴地方营造这一理论视角加以深入分析,乡村振兴最为根本的目的是要通过乡村社群主体的建构,对乡村集体场域进行再标识,藉由文化发展等更新塑造出乡村新生活方式,进而在体现美好生活新要求、完成乡村建设新使命、塑造乡村新业态、化育乡村文化新母体等四“新”方面上加以再造,最终基于乡村这一地域实现人与人、人与地的在地化平衡与自洽更新。     

Migration Decisions Within Dual‐Earner Partnerships: A Test of Bargaining Theory

This article focuses on the problems faced by dual‐earner partnerships arising from the regional coordination of the partners' careers. It is still unknown whether the fact that couples are less mobile than singles is caused by homogeneous preferences within couples or by a process of balancing conflicting interests. Consequently, we analyze the potential conflicts provoked by work‐related migration incentives. We test hypotheses derived from bargaining theory using quasi‐experimental data from a factorial survey of nearly 280 European couples. Our results support the bargaining approach and confirm that asymmetrical shifts in bargaining power drive the potential for conflict. Women's willingness to move is generally less than men's, but the impact of employment prospects differs only slightly by gender.     

Happy Spouses,Happy Parents? Family Relationships Among Finnish and Dutch Dual Earners

In this study links between spousal and parent‐child relationships among Finnish (n = 157 couples) and Dutch (n = 276 couples) dual earners with young children were examined using paired questionnaire data. Variable‐oriented analyses (structural equation modeling with a multigroup procedure) supported the spillover hypothesis, as higher levels of satisfaction in the spousal relationship were related to higher quality in the parent‐child relationship and lower parental role restrictions. These connections did not differ by gender or country. With family typological analyses (mixture modeling), 4 family types were identified: families with satisfying relationships (73.4% of the families), families with unsatisfying parent‐child relationships (13.4%), and families with either dissatisfied men (6.0%) or dissatisfied women (7.2%).     

统筹城乡视域中的农民主体性分析

“统筹城乡经济社会发展”是当下中国社会的“发展阶段”、“关键时刻”和“重要时期”。在这项系统工程中,需要把实践的各个要素结合起来,协同推进。但目前,农民对现实的评判力不够,主体意识性缺乏;主体性诉求不能充分表达,自觉能动性未充分发挥;作为社会历史推动者的创造能力尚未充分发挥出来。要更好地发挥农民在城乡一体化建设中的主体作用,应从分析农民主体性入手,挖掘农民自我解放的力量,保障农民在农村与城市间合理流动的权益,满足农民知识化、技能化的教育需求,推进农民享有社会服务与社会地位的均等化。     

农业要素市场化对农村生态环境质量的影响效应

为检验城乡二元结构背景下农业要素市场化对农村生态环境的影响效应,利用我国30个省级行政单位1998—2018年面板数据建立有调节的多重中介效应模型,就农业要素市场化对农村生态环境的影响路径以及城乡二元结构在其中的调节作用进行了实证分析。结果表明：农业要素市场化对农村生态环境具有显著的正向影响;从具体影响路径看,农业要素市场化对农村生态环境影响的直接效应显著为正,农业要素投入在该影响过程中发挥了中介作用,其中,劳动和土地要素投入的中介效应显著为正,资本要素投入的中介效应显著为负;城乡二元结构对中介过程的前半路径具有显著的调节作用,但对直接路径的调节作用并不显著。城乡二元结构阻碍了城乡之间的要素流动,从而弱化了劳动要素投入变化对农村生态环境的正面效应和资本要素投入变化对农村生态环境的负面效应,同时也强化了土地要素投入变化对农村生态环境的正面效应。