试论《白鹿原》中的民间宗法制

中国传统的民间社会体制是宗法制。陈忠实的《白鹿原》所表现的时代——20世纪初,正值中国民间宗法制社会土崩瓦解的关键期。作者紧紧抓住这一重要历史时期和＂白鹿原＂这一典型的乡间社会,准确细致地展现了民间宗法制社会的存在与变迁,揭示了宗法制的扬善又造恶的双重本质以及其没落的必然性。     

Optimal allocation of stratified samples with several variance constraints and equal workloads over time by geometric programming

We apply geometric programming, developed by Duffin, Peterson and Zener (1967), to the optimal allocation of stratified samples with several variance constraints arising from several estimates of deficiency rates in the quality control of administrative decisions. We develop also a method for imposing constraints on sample sizes to equalize workloads over time, as required by the practicalities of clerical work for quality control.

We allocate samples by an extension of the work of Neyman (1934), following the exposition of Cochran (1977). Davis and Schwartz (1987) developed methods for multiconstraint Neyman allocation by geometric programming for integrated sampling. They also applied geometric programming to Neyman allocation of a sample for estimating college enrollments by Cornell (1947) and Cochran (1977). This paper continues the application of geometric programming to Neyman allocation with multiple constraints on variances and workloads and minimpal sampling costs.     

Issues,Components, and Theoretical Considerations in the Integration of Divinity and Social Work Curricula

Abstract

This article describes the common and distinctive features of Divinity and Social Work Curricula. The investigation of these curricula includes an examination of the theoretical foundations of each discipline, program design, field work options, and the need for joint planning. The suggestion is made that dual degree be dropped as the nomenclature for such cooperative programs and that they be named joint degrees programs.     

WeChat use of mainland Chinese dual migrants in daily border crossing

Drawing on data derived from WeChat and the life experiences of its users, this study explores the daily affordances of WeChat in the cross-border lives of dual migrants from the Chinese mainland. In this study, 24 low-skilled Chinese dual migrants from the mainland who were working as security guards and cleaners were recruited to participate in in-depth interviews and group discussions. The lives of these dual migrants are marked politically, socially, and economically by their vulnerable status and by the stresses and vicissitudes that characterize their daily commute between Zhuhai (their place of residence) and Macao (their place of work). Dual migrants from the Chinese mainland use electronic media for support, pleasure, and access to information. One of the main online platforms they utilize is WeChat, a social networking site that is available on mobile phones. By framing these dual migrants’ usage of WeChat within the affordances of social media, this social networking site functions as a digital mediated space that provides migrants with communal solidarity, social interaction, access to information, and, in some cases, economic benefits.     

Kernel Likelihood Inference for Time Series

Abstract.  This paper develops non-parametric techniques for dynamic models whose data have unknown probability distributions. Point estimators are obtained from the maximization of a semiparametric likelihood function built on the kernel density of the disturbances. This approach can also provide Kullback–Leibler cross-validation estimates of the bandwidth of the kernel densities. Confidence regions are derived from the dual-empirical likelihood method based on non-parametric estimates of the scores. Limit theorems for martingale difference sequences support the statistical theory; moreover, simulation experiments and a real case study show the validity of the methods.     

特许经营权拍卖中的激励性合约研究的进展

本文阐述了自然垄断产业中的政府规制的激励问题。主要从激励性合约的最优拍卖、激励性合约中的双重或第二货源、承诺和合谋问题等四个方面,综述了特许经营权拍卖中的激励性合约理论的产生、演变和研究的进展。     

德国职业教育对我国职教体制和教学方法的启示

德国的职业教育世界闻名，双元制教育体制和行动导向教学方法对我国现行的职业教育模式有很多启发，具体包括校企合作、教师组成、教师角色和教学设计等方面。     

Neuroscience in Social Work Practice and Education

Abstract

In the past two decades, advances in neuroscience research have revolutionized the scientific community's understanding of branehavior connections. Social work is now taking note of this trend. Specialists in substance abuse, addiction, and co-occurring diagnoses are beginning to relinquish long-held beliefs in mind-body dualism in favor of a truly integrated biopsychosocial understanding. This article identifies challenges related to social work and argues that neurobiological knowledge is essential for a biopsychosocial understanding of substance abuse and addiction, other mental disorders, co-occurring conditions, and human behavior. It gives examples of drawing on neurobiological knowledge for practice applications. These include educating users, families, and providers about neurobiological aspects of substance abuse (psychoeducation); using neuroscience research on mental illness and addiction to develop integrated approaches for dually diagnosed persons; and considering a range of medication options to alleviate cravings and reduce relapse.     

The Costs of Thinking About Work and Family: Mental Labor,Work–Family Spillover,and Gender Inequality Among Parents in Dual‐Earner Families

One of the aspects unaccounted for in previous assessments of employed parents ‘distribution of time is the mental dimension of tasks and demands. This aspect, referred to as mental labor, is conceptualized as the planning, organization, and management of everyday activities. Using the experience sampling method, a unique form of time diary, and survey data from the 500 Family Study (N = 402 mothers with 16,451 signals and 291 fathers with 11,322 signals), this study examined the prevalence, context, and emotional correlates of mental labor among parents in dual‐earner families. Results show that fathers reported thinking more frequently about job‐related matters than mothers but these concerns did not spill over into unpaid work. By contrast, mothers’ job‐related thoughts tended to spill over into unpaid work and free‐time activities. When engaging in mental labor, mothers and fathers were equally likely to think about family matters, but these thoughts were only detrimental to emotional well‐being in mothers. Among both mothers and fathers, paid work was relatively insulated from thoughts about family matters. Overall, findings highlight mothers’ double burden and suggest that mental labor may contribute to mothers’ emotional stress and gender inequality among dual‐earner families.     

从功能性收入看中国收入分配的不平等(英文)

中国收入分配的不平等在很大程度上表现为功能性收入分配的不平等,即随着经济的发展,工资性收入占国民收入的比例越来越小,而现阶段中国二元经济结构下的无限劳动力供给则是其主要原因。在一个具有凯恩斯主义特征的非均衡动态模型框架下,我们的分析表明,劳动力的无限供给,不仅使工资无法对劳动力市场的供求状况进行反应,而且使劳动生产率和物价变化对工资的影响也不敏感。这意味着,当存在着劳动生产率的提高或由经济增长所带动的物价上涨时,工资的提高不够显著,从而由经济增长或劳动生产率的提高所带来的利益大部分转化为利润而非工资。基于此,要彻底扭转中国收入分配恶化趋势,根本途径仍然是保持经济的高速增长,加快工业化和城市化进程,从而使农村剩余劳动力能够尽快被吸收。