近年诗歌的民生关怀

近年中国诗歌出现了一种关心社会转型时期民生问题的写作倾向,它通过呈现被忽略的社会问题表现人与现代的紧张关系,展示现代性寻求的复杂性和矛盾性。这些诗歌的出现,反映了文化阶层和文化生产方式的变化,体现了诗人对现实与艺术的双重关怀。     

论可持续发展问题与政治经济学的结合点

可持续发展与政治经济学的结合点是确立可持续发展问题在政治经济学中地位的关键。可持续发展的要求应当是政治经济学的基本要求,资源的有限性和环境容量的有限性应当是政治经济学研究基本前提的组成部分;可持续发展可以在政治经济学的最基础、最核心的理论上与政治经济学结合,即从劳动二重性理论、商品二重性理论上相结合。     

中国当代农民阶层的文化诉求

在当代中国,随着市场经济体制改革的深入和民主政治进程的加快,农民阶层现实的社会地位和生存状况使其产生了一种对反映现代文明的先进文化的强烈诉求。这种诉求是基于农民阶层由传统生存方式向现代生存方式的转变而产生的,基本包括社会控制文化、技能文化、休闲文化和制度文化四类。这些文化诉求将随着农村社会的小康建设,在市场型农村经济模式和二元结构的农村政治社会生活管理体制的逐步形成、完善的过程中得以满足和超越,最终在农村形成现代社会主义文化模式。     

从“城乡二元结构”到“城市二元结构”及其影响

在我国工业化和城市化快速发展过程中,传统体制下形成的以户籍制度为核心的“城乡二元结构”不仅没有消除,反而逐步向城市蔓延,伴随着农村劳动力进城就业,在城市中形成了规模庞大的农民工阶层,他们与城市居民共同构成了“城市二元结构”。“城市二元结构”的日益强化,将导致严重的城市贫困问题,加大城市管理的难度,并造成城市化进程的不稳定。为此,应从城市和农村两个维度加以考虑,积极推动土地制度改革,加强城乡统一社会保障体系建设,加强农村基础教育和职业培训,建立以社会保障制度为核心的征地补偿机制,逐步消除“城市二元结构”。     

Dual‐earner parent couples’ work and care during COVID‐19

COVID‐19 and the associated lockdowns meant many working parents were faced with doing paid work and family care at home simultaneously. To investigate how they managed, this article draws a subsample of parents in dual‐earner couples (n = 1536) from a national survey of 2722 Australian men and women conducted during lockdown in May 2020. It asked how much time respondents spent in paid and unpaid labour, including both active and supervisory care, and about their satisfaction with work–family balance and how their partner shared the load. Overall, paid work time was slightly lower and unpaid work time was very much higher during lockdown than before it. These time changes were most for mothers, but gender gaps somewhat narrowed because the relative increase in childcare was higher for fathers. More mothers than fathers were dissatisfied with their work–family balance and partner’s share before COVID‐19. For some the pandemic improved satisfaction levels, but for most they became worse. Again, some gender differences narrowed, mainly because more fathers also felt negatively during lockdown than they had before.     

The Changing Face of Distribution Channels: Partial Forward Integration and Strategic Investments

Recent years have seen a drastic transformation in the organization of wholesale and retail markets. Where once clear distinctions between wholesale suppliers and retail competitors existed, now an era of blurring boundaries has emerged. This transformation has been marked by the introduction of online channels for suppliers to provide products directly to consumers while, at the same time, traditional retailers too persist. Thus, retailers are both wholesale customers and retail competitors of many manufacturers. The consequences of the rapid emergence of instances of such partial forward integration by suppliers are not yet fully known. To this end, we study how partial forward integration can affect competing firms' strategic investments. We find that integration shifts the environment from being one in which firms invest to undercut retail rivals to one in which firms invest more in boosting demand, even that of their competitors. A case in point is the tendency for a manufacturer to invest broadly in brand promotion (benefiting both itself and its retail competitor), rather than heavy promotion of its own sales channel. The shift in the nature of strategic investments arising from partial forward integration implies that such integration can benefit firms and consumers alike, even the firm which finds itself reliant on a competitor for supplies.     

“双轨制”档案管理机制合理性探讨

档案是记录人类社会实践活动的有效载体,更是人类在社会活动中各种实践活动、知识、经验的沉淀和原始痕迹。随着社会活动运行方式方法的转变,档案的形成、传递、存储和利用等自身运动规律也发生质的飞跃。电子信息化已成为当今档案管理的一个主要运作模式,也是人类文明进步的表现,其社会实践活动的价值也越来越被人们认同,但对一些具有法律效应的文件、签署、印章等纸质档案的保存与管理也同样具有无法替代的作用。“双轨制”档案管理将成为近一段时期内档案管理的重要运作机制,应合理安排、充分完善、灵活把握运作好“双轨制”档案管理模式。     

The Strengths of Rural Social Workers: Perspectives on Managing Dual Relationships in Small Alaskan Communities

Social workers are advised to avoid dual relationships; however, this recommendation is not realistic for rural social workers. Using qualitative analysis, this study examines the perspectives of 10 rural social workers in Alaska who are long-term members of their community. From the data, four themes emerged: (1) Rural social workers cannot avoid dual relationships, (2) Healthy dual relationships can have benefits for clients, (3) Social work and other professional education helps rural social workers manage complex situations, and (4) Rural social workers use complex critical thinking and have developed advanced skills to negotiate dual relationships.     

Analysis of China's Unequal Income Distribution from the Perspective of Functional Income Distribution

中国收入分配的不平等在很大程度上表现为功能性收入分配的不平等,即随着经 济的发展,工资性收入占国民收入的比例越来越小,而现阶段中国二元经济结构下的 无限劳动力供给则是其主要原因。在一个具有凯恩斯主义特征的非均衡动态模型框架 下,我们的分析表明,劳动力的无限供给,不仅使工资无法对劳动力市场的供求状况 进行反应,而且使劳动生产率和物价变化对工资的影响也不敏感。这意味着,当存在 着劳动生产率的提高或由经济增长所带动的物价上涨时,工资的提高不够显著,从而 由经济增长或劳动生产率的提高所带来的利益大部分转化为利润而非工资。基于此, 要彻底扭转中国收入分配恶化趋势,根本途径仍然是保持经济的高速增长,加快工业 化和城市化进程,从而使农村剩余劳动力能够尽快被吸收。

关键词: 功能性收入?二元经济?劳动力供给

China's unequal income distribution is to a large extent expressed in unequal functional income distribution, that is, as China's economy develops, the share of wage income in national income falls. The unlimited supply of labor under China's current dual economic structure is the major reason for this. In a disequilibrium dynamic model framework with Keynesian features, empirical analysis shows that the unlimited supply of labor not only prevents wages from responding to supply and demand situation in the labor market, but also makes them insensitive to labor productivity and price changes. This suggests that when there is a rise in labor productivity or prices following economic growth, the rise in wages may not be sufficiently marked. The benefits derived from economic growth or labor productivity increases have been, to a very large extent, converted into profits and not wages. Therefore, if we are to reverse China's worsening income distribution, our fundamental path should remain the maintenance of high‐speed growth and the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization so that surplus rural labor can be absorbed as soon as possible.     

易学自然观与现代物理学的哲学基础

唯物主义一元论的物质观 ,解决了物质与意识的关系问题 ,其理性价值在于把神学的哲学成分从社会科学领域驱逐出去 ,但并不能作为研究纯客观世界的物理学的哲学基础 ,因而不应把两者混为一谈。易学中包含着一种两系统结构的自然观。“万物负阴而抱阳 ,冲气以为和”是对于客观世界静态性的解答 ,“阴变阳 ,阳变阴 ,其变无穷”是对客观世界动态性的解答。依据两系统结构论的自然观 ,正可以讨论变与不变的问题 ,所以两系统结构论的自然观极有可能成为物理学哲学的基本构成。依此对物理学的理论和范畴进行新的整合 ,有可能将物理学带出当前的困境。