Activation and social inclusion: challenges and possibilities

The last two decades have seen an increasing focus on the activation of individuals receiving welfare benefits. This has entailed an attempt to transform employment assistance and social security systems to make them more employment‐friendly through the development of explicit linkages between social protection policies, labour market participation and labour market programs. At the same time there has been a growing interest in the concept of social inclusion, and social inclusion has been a commonly stated goal of activation programs. However, despite some synergies between these two approaches, in other respects it is not clear that they are always compatible. This paper explores the extent to which activation programs are central to the social inclusion approach and the similarities and differences between these approaches. It then briefly examines the evidence regarding the ability of activation programs to enhance social inclusion.     

普通高等教育可持续发展框架——特区建设的设想

在解读地方政府热衷于“大学城”建设的原因以及普通高等教育发展中的体制性障碍———“政府失灵”的基础上,提出了搭建普通高等教育特区的设想,并建议将辽宁省大连市作为试点地区,通过机制创新,开辟全新的普通高等教育可持续发展之路。     

A Class of Sampling Two Units with Probability Proportional to Size

A class of sampling two units without replacement with inclusion probability proportional to size is proposed in this article. Many different well known probability proportional to size sampling designs are special cases from this class. The first and second inclusion probabilities of this class satisfy important properties and provide a non-negative variance estimator of the Horvitz and Thompson estimator for the population total. Suitable choice for the first and second inclusion probabilities from this class can be used to reduce the variance estimator of the Horvitz and Thompson estimator. Comparisons between different proportional to size sampling designs through real data and artificial examples are given. Examples show that the minimum variance of the Horvitz and Thompson estimator obtained from the proposed design is not attainable for the most cases at any of the well known designs.     

One of us? Reaction formation and inclusion as a strategy in the ethnic state

Many states question how to manage burgeoning migration. This is particularly problematic for ethnic states whose foundation myths imagine the state as the home for the nation. In this paper, we argue that ethnic states engage a type of defense mechanism, ‘reaction formation’, as part of migration policy to distract attention from threats to the claimed ethnic homogeneity that undergirds the reason for the state's existence. Using Israel as a case of a planned ethnic state, we show how a state develops a spectrum of membership models to incorporate ‘others’ into the nation-state. We suggest that Israel could conceivably devise some arrangement to incorporate the several hundred thousand labor migrants currently resident there. We argue that the state is reluctant to recognize these migrants as ‘Israeli’ because to do so would reveal a hidden truth: Israel may be becoming more Israeli than Jewish and, thus, the recognition of labor migrants and their children provokes questions about Israel's very reason for existence, that is, being a Jewish state.     

对校园网规划与应用策略的思考

针对校园网规划与应用中普遍存在的只重视硬件环境建设、轻视软件环境建设、忽视人文环境建设的问题，采用系统工程层次分析法．对校园网建设的三个基本要素及三者之间的关系进行论述，校园网建设是一个应遵循一定规律、有计划、有步骤地不断推进的系统工程。     

农村教育发展与农民收入增长

论述了农村教育发展与农民收入增长的关系,针对农村基础教育和农村职业教育发展中存在的主要问题,提出发展农村教育应采取多种措施,以从根本上促进农民收入的持续和稳定增长。     

利用现代教育技术 构建新型英语教学模式

科学技术的发展,推动了现代教育技术的进步,引发了教育观念的深刻变化.实践证明,现代教育技术拥有传统教育方式无可比拟的优势.高校连年扩招以及时代对外语的新要求,给外语教学带来师资、教学资源等方面的巨大压力.因此,利用现代教育技术,构建新型英语教学模式具有十分迫切的意义.     

试论曾国藩的教育思想

曾国藩的政治、军事、外交、人才以及家庭教育等方面的思想均有独到之处,主要表现在其教育目的、教育作用、教育内容、道德教育以及教育原则与方法等方面研究和探讨他的教育思想,对今天的教育思想研究有一定借鉴意义。     

论教学活动中的融会贯通过程

教学活动中的融会贯通过程贯穿着科学的思想方法,融合着艺术的启迪,具有培养科学精神、养成良好品质、发展创造力的教育功能,其外显性层面和内隐性层面、形成性层面和显示性层面、情感性层面和延伸性层面等各个层面要素对于教学活动质量的优化和提高起到了基础性、促进性和保障性作用,是一个培养创新人才的渐进过程。     

强化高校创新教育 培育学生创新能力

本文浅析了我国高校教育和大学生能力的现状 ,强调说明了高校创新教育和培育学生创新能力的重要性 ,并试图从高校教育和管理存在的问题中探索出有效的方法 ,来强化高校创新教育的意识和体系 ,从而培育、造就当代大学生的创新能力