PAI-1、t-PA/PAI-1比值与急性血管事件的相关性研究

目的了解血浆t-PA、PAI-1和t-PA/PAI-1比值在急性血管事件中的变化和意义。方法对于健康对照组、陈旧性和急性血管事件组分别采用ELISA法检测t-PA和PAI-1活性,计算t-PA/PAI-1比值。结果急性血管事件组血浆t-PA、PAI-1明显增高、t-PA/PAI-1比值明显降低,与其它两组相比P<0.01;陈旧性血管事件组血浆PAI-1增高,与对照组相比P<0.05;t-PA升高和t-PA/PAI-1比值降低,与对照组相比无显著差异。结论血浆t-PA和PAI-1水平与血管内皮稳定性密切相关。PAI-1增高和t-PA/PAI-1比值降低的程度在急性血管事件发生中起着重要的作用。监测PAI-1和t-PA/PAI-1比值这两项指标,在心脑血管事件的预防和治疗方面具有重要意义。     

我国廉租房制度建设中的问题及对策探讨

从认识层面、制度层面、操作层面指出了目前我国廉租房制度建设中存在的问题,分析了问题产生的深层次原因,并从认识、制度、操作三个层面探索了适合我国国情的廉租房制度建设的对策和建议。     

我国实施住房抵押贷款证券化的迫切性及运作模式

从住房抵押贷款证券化的迫切性入手 ,通过对我国现阶段实施住房抵押贷款证券化存在障碍的分析 ,力求探索出有中国特色的住房抵押贷款证券化模式。     

Balancing regulation and affordability of housing

Housing regulation is a growing concern because affordability of housing has been declining and regulations which increase housing costs have been escalating. Many of the regulations which have been adopted fulfill goals of protection of health, safety, or welfare; preservation of the environment; or improved energy conservation. Little attention, however, has been paid to the effect of these regulations on affordability. This article reviews the role of government regulation on housing, and discusses the parameters of the affordability/regulatory issue.Helpful comments and suggestions were made by Vincent Brannigan, Bob Cleveland, Deborah Godwin, Roger Swagler, Anne Sweaney, and Frank Walter.Dr. Meeks received her Ph.D. from The Ohio State University and is interested in housing economics and policy, and the economic well-being of households.     

The residential home – what difference does it make?: Comparing the public systems of care for the elderly and disabled in two Swedish municipalities

Two municipalities in Sweden – Solna and Sigtuna – have taken part in a project (the ASIM project) aimed at developing a system for monitoring and analysing the public system of long-term care and assistance for elderly and disabled people. The two municipalities have chosen different alternatives in the question of residential homes. In Solna they have been retained and in Sigtuna they have been converted into sheltered housing. By separating the clients into different classes of dependence using the ASIM assessment, it is shown that in Solna, compared with Sigtuna, fewer of the most dependent clients are in long-term hospital care and fewer of the high-medium category are in domiciliary care. The data were used to calculate the distribution of the clients and the average dependence on the different levels of care if Solna were to apply the care pattern of Sigtuna and vice versa.     

Housing tenure,structure, and crowding among Latino households

This article examines the effect of federal housing and public assistance programs on the housing quality of different Latino households. The research tests models of crowding and housing tenure and structure for Latino households. The data for this research are from the 1990 Latino National Political Survey-Panel Study of Income Dynamics (LNPS-PSID). Findings reveal that housing and public assistance programs do help alleviate crowding among the Latino population, but they do not help Latino households achieve ownership of a single-family home. All the demographic variables in the model contribute to the explanation of crowding, and a majority also significantly explain housing tenure and structure. Significant differences are found among Latino subgroups in the explanatory variables for crowding, tenure, and structure. She is also the director of the Center for the Study of Aging at Illinois State. Her research interests include housing of minority households and congregate housing for the elderly. She received her Ph.D. from Iowa State University. Her research interests include housing needs of Latino households, resource management of female-headed Puerto Rican households, fertility decisions of Puerto Rican women, and student labor force participation. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Illinois.     

Homelessness as one component of housing instability and its impact on the development of children in poverty

The number of families with children living in poverty and experiencing housing instability and homelessness has increased dramatically over the last two decades. Current public policy decisions will lead to further increases. Understanding the impact of this instability on the emotional, behavioral, and cognitive development of children is imperative. Few studies critically examine the effects of instability on both domiciled and homeless children. This research examined the effects of homelessness and housing instability on 133 children 8 to 12 years of age living in poverty. Results indicate that whether a child is currently homeless is not as significant as overall stability which may have a long ranging effect on a child's future development.     

Poverty and social conditions in Poland during the transformation to a market economy

The social welfare system in Poland was changed during the 1990s. The full employment policy, as a guarantee for social security, was abandoned and the institutions through which social resources were distributed were replaced. State-owned enterprises previously fulfilled certain social functions; the necessary resources came from state subsidies and from obligatory funds: housing and social funds as well as a proportion of wage costs. Thus, the prices of many types of important consumption goods (such as food and housing) were fixed at a relatively low level. The elimination of subsidies resulted in the bankruptcy of many state-owned enterprises which, in turn, led to the diminished importance of the social security function of industrial enterprises. Their role in the newly created social welfare system was taken over by social welfare centers, through which assistance was distributed to those in need. Besides the traditional recipients of social assistance, a growing number of unemployed people, who comprise approximately 14% of the productively active citizens, have also begun collecting assistance.     

Gambling and the Older Chinese in Canada

In Canada, there is a lack of research on gambling among the older adults from ethnic minority groups, especially the older Chinese. In this study, two research questions were used to examine gambling among the older Chinese: (1) What is the pattern of gambling among the older Chinese in Canada? (2) What are the predictors associated with gambling among the older Chinese in Canada? The data for this study were collected as part of a multi-site study on health and well-being of 2272 older Chinese in Canada. Four main questions related to gambling were used in this study. Among the 2257 participants who answered the questions on gambling, 26.6% of them reported that they gambled. Results of the hierarchical logistic regression analysis showed that being male, having lived in Canada longer, having a higher level of social support, having more service barriers, and having a stronger level of Chinese ethnic identity would increase the probability for an older Chinese to participate in gambling. Conversely, having a post-secondary and above level of education and having a higher level of life satisfaction would reduce one’s probability of gambling. Although city of residency was also significant in predicting gambling, further analysis showed that its effect was actually caused by other factors including services barriers, social support, life satisfaction, Chinese ethnic identity, and education.     

社会转型时期江苏农村新型养老保障模式刍议

笔者对江苏太仓、启东、赣榆三地的农村养老保障制度以及社会保险试点情况开展了深入细致的调查分析。通过调查发现在社会转型的大背景下,江苏农村传统家庭养老支持力呈现持续不断弱化的态势。在调查的基础上,对江苏农村的家庭养老支持、农村社区养老以及社会养老保险等社会支持方式进行分析,结合江苏经济发展情况提出相适应的农村社会养老保障制度构思及政策建议：力争消除城镇与农村的二元养老保障制度,突出政府在农村养老保障工作方面的主导地位,加强农村养老保障的法制建设,推进农村土地制度改革,并从多方面切实增加农民的经济纯收入,从根本上使广大的农村居民真正实现老有所养。