国外“房价收入比”研究：起源、测量与应用

从起源、测量、应用等角度,系统梳理了国外房价收入比的研究文献。研究发现:房价收入比演化于、并优于住房支出收入;房价收入比测量的多样性取决于房价和收入测量方法的多样性,以及房价收入比均衡模型的不同;房价收入比主要应用于住房支付能力和房地产泡沫研究。房价收入比计算的规范化、均衡模型的集成化以及实证的多角化将成为进一步的研究方向。     

踝臂指数与老年男性糖尿病动脉硬化的相关性

目的探讨踝臂指数与老年男性糖尿病动脉硬化的相关性。方法选择112例老年糖尿患者进行踝臂指数、下肢螺旋CT血管成像、颈动脉血管多普勒、眼底动脉检查及动脉硬化危险因素资料的收集,按病变程度进行对比分析。结果下肢血管无狭窄踝臂指数明显高于重度狭窄组,下肢血管阻塞越严重踝臂指数下降越显著（P〈0.01）。颈动脉内膜中层厚度及斑块程度,随斑块积分的增高踝臂指数降低明显（P〈0.01）。不同眼底动脉组间ABI比较有显著差异（P〈0.05）,随着眼底动脉病变为程度加重踝臂指数越小。以踝臂指数〈0.9为二分类变量做Logistic回归分析,显示踝臂指数与年龄、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、吸烟量、糖化血红蛋白相关。结论踝臂指数与糖尿病动脉硬化危险因素存在相关性,并可作为动脉硬化的危险因素之一,是预测全身动脉硬化的指标。     

信贷规模与房地产价格的非线性动态关系——基于中国直辖市数据的比较研究

运用非线性平滑转换模型对中国直辖市的信贷规模与房地产价格的动态关系进行对比研究。研究发现如果想要通过控制信贷规模调控房地产价格,天津和重庆更容易达成调控目标,北京则很难。在信贷规模对房地产价格产生非线性影响的条件下,信贷规模对房地产价格的影响存在不同状态,重庆在不同状态间的变化速度最快,其次是天津,最慢的是北京。     

住宅非市场化供给、房价波动与经济波动——基于省级面板数据的实证研究

采用面板协整技术,利用1999—2009年中国省级面板数据分析了住宅非市场化供给、住房价格波动与经济波动之间的关系。实证研究表明：住宅非市场化供给和住房价格波动之间存在较强的负相关关系,住宅非市场化供给的增加,能够平抑商品房价格的上涨幅度;住房价格波动与经济波动之间存在显著的正相关关系,住宅非市场化供给的变化能够通过住宅价格的变化,最终会作用于经济增长,进而影响经济波动;地区经济发展水平与房地产市场发育程度的差异,对住宅非市场化供给、住房价格波动与经济波动三者之间的区域关系造成显著影响。     

Separate and Unequal: The Housing Act of 1968 and the Section 235 Program

In recent years scholars have identified racial disparities in wealth and home ownership as crucial factors underlying patterns of racial inequality and residential segregation in American metropolitan housing markets. While numerous federal housing policies have been identified as responsible for reinforcing residential segregation and racial inequalities in home ownership, little research has focused on the segregative effects of the Section 235 program. As one component of the 1968 Housing Act, Section 235 was designed to shift the focus of federal housing policy away from dispensing aid to local housing authorities for building public housing to providing direct supply-side subsidies to the private sector to stimulate home ownership for nonwhites and the poor. Archival and census data, government reports and housing analyses, and oral histories and interviews are used to examine the segregative effects of the Section 235 program in Kansas City, Missouri from 1969 through the early 1970s. Findings indicate that while the housing subsidy program allowed a vast majority of participating white families to purchase new housing in suburban areas, most participating African American families purchased existing homes located in racially transitional neighborhoods in the inner city. These findings corroborate recent research showing how the market-centered focus of federal housing policy has impaired the ability of African Americans to accumulate wealth through home ownership and reinforced racially segregative housing patterns.     

Assessing NGO Empowerment in Housing Development Frameworks: Discourse and Practice in the Philippines

Amid the rise of democratization movements since the 1980s, many governments in developing countries have proactively introduced the ideas of decentralization and devolution into the policy arena. In the pursuit of democratic planning processes where civil society is encouraged to be a part of the formal decision-making system, articles advocating the empowerment of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have been included into a series of legislations. This shift was soon reflected in housing development frameworks for the poor, leading to the formulation of a new approach called "enablement." The Philippines' experience for the last two decades follows this line of development. Filipino NGOs are now prescribed as a catalyst to add further dynamism to the improvement of substandard living environments. Empirical findings of this study exemplify that NGO empowerment has been increasingly accelerated by the combination of NGOs' self-endeavors and governments' initiatives. By utilizing the paradigm shift under the enablement approach, NGOs are engaged in the attempt of alliance-formation and network-building to expand their influence. Contrary to ideals, however, NGO empowerment may reveal some adverse effects such as excessive dependency on NGOs and distorted representation by NGOs. Moreover, the professionalization of NGOs is an additional factor which generates hierarchization at the grass-roots level. This study suggests that further research analyze the depth and width to which NGO empowerment has been penetrated in order to precisely capture the processes and consequences resulting in disempowerment.     

Evaluating Social Integration and Psychological Outcomes for Older Adults Enrolled at a University Intergenerational Program

Abstract

Intergenerational programs are proliferating. The basic assumption of such programs is that pairing older and younger people in various activities and contexts such as educational programs will produce positive developmental benefits for all participants. Educational programs appear to help adults to remain socially active and connected. The University of Valencia (Spain) initiated in 1999–2000 a “University Program for Seniors” for adults age 55 and over, entitled “Nau Gran.”The goal of this paper is to present baseline results on the benefits and impacts for older adults enrolled at the program during 2002. Results from a sample of 212 sophomore and junior older adult participants are presented. The questionnaire included socio-demographic information and items regarding health, social integration, and psychological outcomes. Results indicated that older adults attending courses at the University increased their level of social integration.     

不同城市的房价是否具有相同的人口集聚效应——基于35个大中城市PVAR模型的实证分析

人口集聚会引起房价上涨,但不同类型的城市由于集聚人口的教育程度不同,房价上涨也具有不同的效应。首先建立人口流动理论模型分析人口集聚对房价上涨的影响,然后通过建立房价、人口集聚、房地产投资和人均可支配收入的PVAR模型进行实证分析。结论表明,一类城市人口集聚对房价上涨具有正效应,二类城市为平效应,三类城市为负效应;三类城市的房价上涨主要是房地产投资和人均收入提高所推动的。     

中国农村老年人生活满意度研究

基于2013年"中国健康与养老追踪调查"(CHARLS)数据,对中国农村老年人生活满意度的影响因素进行分析,重点关注新农保和新农合对生活满意度的影响。研究发现,性别、婚姻状况、是否有医疗保险、是否有亲人(除了配偶以外)或朋友能长期照顾对农村老年人生活满意度有显著影响。年龄和社交活动对农村老年人生活满意度的影响部分显著。根据研究结论,建议老龄问题立法层面应考虑性别差异,适度提升基础养老金水平,进一步发挥新农合的医疗保障作用并加强农村社区居家养老模式的建设。     

退休年龄对劳动参与率的影响

自1951年以来。中国的退休政策并未随着平均寿命、经济发展等情况的变化做出大的改变。每年有成千上万的老年劳动者,在其仍有劳动意愿和劳动能力的情况下,因为政策的规定离开工作岗位。过低的退休年龄使得我国的劳动参与率被潜在的低估,如果调整现行退休政策,将修正劳动参与率、减少“人口负债”期问题、缓解未来养老金收支失衡压力和挤压劳动力市场。