论拉斯韦尔的精英理论

哈罗德·D·拉斯韦尔是行为主义学派的先驱者和精英理论的代表人物之一.其理论贡献主要在于把精英分析扩展到了政治舞台之外的广大领域,并对精英的统治方式进行了深入而独特的研究,在西方社会有着广泛而深远的影响.     

Unpolitical solutionism: Wealth elite sentiments against democracy and politics

The last few decades have been marked by discourses that challenge many basic presumptions supporting liberal democracy. Populist parties in particular have raised criticism against democratic systems, and authoritarian programmes have made electoral gains. This article offers the elite's perspective on this phenomenon, which is often discussed in the context of lower income groups. Drawing from qualitative interviews with 90 Finnish top earners, the article shows how wealth elites sustain strong discontent towards liberal democracy and see it as an ineffective and sometimes fundamentally flawed system. They are concerned with its alleged (in)efficiency and disagreements typical of democratic processes and are correspondingly fascinated by solutions that are presented as self-evident but that no one has the courage to execute. In this article, we refer to this type of reasoning by introducing and developing the term unpolitical solutionism, which refers to a preoccupation with quick solutions to complex problems that are political in nature. The concept of unpolitical solutionism builds on discussions of unpolitical democracy (Urbinati) and technosolutionism (Morozov) and brings them to our dialog. By analysing wealth elites' views in a Nordic democracy and by developing the concept of unpolitical solutionism, this article contributes to recent discussions on different forms of unpolitical argumentation in the context of (liberal) economic thinking.     

“苗女”争论及其背后——论20世纪80年代初期苗族知识界的民族意识的“骚动”

20世纪80年代初期.在贵州省文艺界,围绕着对汉族美术家创作的作品--木雕"苗女",曾爆发过一场激烈的争论.本文透过对这一个别事件的追踪与展开,考察了这时期普遍见于苗族社会的知识精英群体中的民族意识"躁动"现象及相关背景.在此基础上,通过对苗族知识分子群体成长过程的回顾,揭示出他们的"民族认同"形成的"边界",本质上并非源于所谓的共同的文化,而是在与外界的互动过程中得以成形并不断被强化的.进而通过对历史上从"苗"到"苗族"过程的简要追溯,对影响苗族作为近代民族集团形成的"他者呈现"问题,提出了初步独到的理论思考.     

海外跨国创业企业网络嵌入研究简

近些年来,海外人才归国创业促进了我国经济发展和产业转型升级,海外人才跨国创业具有双重网络嵌入的特征,即技术网络嵌入和市场网络嵌入。同时。创业网络是动态变化,处于不同发展阶段的海外跨国企业．不同性质的创业网络对新企业绩效的影响具有显著差异性。创业阶段主要划分为创建期和成长期：在创建期。海外市场网络对跨国新创企业绩效影响显著,海外技术网络对跨国新创企业绩效影响不显著,而在成长期,海外技术网络对跨国新创企业绩效影响显著,海外市场网络对新创企业绩效影响不显著。海外跨国创业企业需要分阶段利用特定的网络整合优势资源．推动自身成长．而地方政府应当有针对性地引导和扶持跨国创业企业建立和维持海外网络。促进跨国创业企业和地方经济的持续健康良性发展。     

关于吸收社会新阶层优秀分子入党问题的思考

在中国社会全面转型的历史条件下 ,一些新的社会阶层形成。面对吸收其中的优秀分子入党这个无法回避的重大课题 ,我们党做出了正确的抉择。但是 ,我们要将理论付诸实践 ,决策变成日常工作 ,需要既积极行动 ,又慎重实施 ;需要制定正确的方针政策 ,建立系统配套、可操作的具体制度 ;需要强化教育、监督和管理 ,强调思想上入党 ;需要加强领导 ,建立党员发展责任制 ,坚决防止和消除党员发展中的腐败现象 ,以保持党的先进性和纯洁性     

Populism: a major threat to democracy?

ABSTRACT

Unsurprisingly, given the surge in support for “populist” movements across the globe, there has been a resurgence of academic interest in the subject. Our aim in this volume is to explore some of the key issues in these contemporary debates. In this introduction, we focus upon five of the main questions raised in this literature: What is populism? What variants of it are there? How serious a problem is the rise of populism? Why has there been a rise in populism? And how can populism be addressed?     

The Politics of Regional Inequality in Ghana: State Elites,Donors and PRSPs

Through an analysis of Ghana's HIPC Fund which was established as part of the PRSP process, this article shows how aid‐financed efforts to reduce regional inequality in Ghana have failed. Dominant political elites agreed to policies reducing regional inequality in order to have access to aid funding but, once approved, these funds were allocated on quite different criteria in ways that marginalised the poorest. This analysis reinforces the growing recognition that developmental outcomes in most poor countries are shaped not so much by the design of ‘good’ policies per se, but more importantly by the power relationships within which policy‐implementing institutions are embedded. Aid donors seem unable to grasp this important lesson fully, and so their capacity to contribute to reducing regional inequality remains limited.     

抗战时期中国文化精英的生活状况及其报国途径——以迁滇文化精英为分析案例

文化精英代表着一个国家一个民族文化发展的水准和方向。考察不同时代文化精英们的生存状况及其理想追求,往往可以把握特定时代民族生存发展的历史脉搏。抗日战争时期中国文化精英们虽然生活颠沛流离、困苦异常,但在艰苦卓绝的环境中,他们仍利用一技之长为抗战救国做出种种努力,在教学、科研和社会服务工作等各个方面取得了丰硕的成果,这些成果为后来新中国的崛起和世界科技文化的进步都做出了重大贡献。抗战时期文化精英们强烈的使命感、为改变祖国落后面貌而不懈努力的执著精神,对于促进当代我国社会主义现代化建设、实现中华民族的伟大复兴,具有重要的启示意义和鼓舞作用。     

中国农村精英研究的问题域及其整合

20世纪90年代以来,随着中国农村问题研究的不断深入,农村精英逐渐成为农村问题研究中一个独立的研究对象,农村精英的角色、地位和功能变化,农村精英的选择和流动机制以及农村精英结构及其变迁等都得到了不同程度的探讨。在农村精英研究日益繁荣的背后,依然存在着农村精英分类标准的主观性和模糊性、农村精英研究的纵向角度和横向角度相分离等问题。     

农村新土地精英的崛起与村庄治理

对闽、赣、湘三地规模农业经营主体典型案例的实证研究,探讨土地流转背景下新土地精英阶层的形成机制和村庄治理参与行为.分析发现:土地向规模经营主体的集中,规模经营主体的身份符号和对占有资源的策略化利用,村组织衰落和土地流转后村庄常住人口的减少等因素,推动了新土地精英阶层的崛起.新土地精英具有参与村庄治理的历史必然性和主观需求性.但应当注意,新土地精英的崛起和村庄治理参与具有正反两方面的影响,需从加强规制入手,既发挥新土地精英作为治理主体的功能,又要避免其对村庄公共资源的攫取,以有效解决或缓解农村社会问题.