论政治效能感的作用机制及其培养

论述了政治效能感的含义和意义,即政治效能感是指个体对自己能否影响政治活动的能力的信念或信心.政治效能感的高低会影响到一个国家政治文明的程度,影响到国家的政治稳定和政治民主化的实现.进一步详尽分析了政治效能感的作用机制:它能影响个体的政治选择过程;影响个体对政治活动的思维过程;影响个体执行政治活动的动机过程;影响个体对政治环境的情绪唤醒过程.相应地提出了培养政治效能感的途径:构建成功经验;重视积极的替代经验;实施现实化的言语劝说;控制负性情绪唤醒.     

Emotional harm and neglect: the legal response

This paper reports on a study of the extent to which child protection applications brought to the Melbourne Children's Court in Victoria, Australia, were based on emotional/psychological harm or neglect of a child and what factors were presented as evidence of harm or neglect. The study examined records of 208 court‐ordered pre‐trial conferences heard in the court between February and July 2002. What was found was that, although cases involving emotional abuse have increased in terms of child protection applications, they remain cases that are difficult to decide. While in 1998/9 emotional harm was a ground in 25.7% of child protection matters completed in the Family Division of the Children's Court of Victoria, legal decision‐makers are reluctant to make a finding of child abuse in these cases because there is less accuracy in the determination of emotional harm and negligible legal criteria available to guide decision‐making. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Services for troubled adolescents: exploring user variation

This paper outlines some of the main findings from an exploratory study of a sample of 257 adolescents living in children's homes, foster homes and residential special schools ‘for pupils with emotional and behavioural difficulties’ (‘EBD’). It focuses on the characteristics of service users, particularly contrasting the looked after and EBD groups. Though there are some similarities, there are also important differences between the populations in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, reasons for separation, legal status, family background and education. An attempt was made systematically to compare groups by creating a subsample of ‘difficult’ adolescents, based on involvement in anti‐social behaviour. Unexpectedly, this revealed that half of the teenagers were not ‘difficult’. Factors associated with being identified as ‘difficult’ were explored.     

大学生的人格状况与心理教育

大学生的人格状况与其心理健康密切相关。我们必须了解大学生的人格现状,分析心理疾病的成因,采取有效的措施,有效塑造健全人格,促进心理健康,增强大学生的社会适应力。     

城乡教师领导行为与青少年情绪适应的关系

选取城市和农村初中913名青少年为被试,采用问卷法考察城乡教师领导行为与青少年情绪适应的关系。研究发现:(1)城市青少年知觉到的教师民主、权威与放任行为均与其情绪适应存在密切关系;而农村青少年知觉到的教师放任行为与其情绪适应存在密切关系;(2)民主型教师领导模式下城乡青少年的情绪适应状况明显好于权威型和放任型教师领导模式下的适应状况;(3)城乡青少年均期望教师给予更多民主,更少权威,但城市青少年期望更多、农村青少年期望更少的放任;(4)城市青少年对教师领导行为的期望差距越大,他们的情绪适应越差,差距越低,情绪适应越好;而农村青少年对教师领导行为的期望差距大小与其情绪适应之间没有显著联系。     

Ratio-Scale Measurement with Intransitivity or Incompleteness: The Homogeneous Case

In the homogeneous case of one-dimensional objects, we show that any relation that is positive and homothetic can be represented by a ratio-scale and a unique and constant biasing factor. This factor may favor or disfavor the preference for an object over another. In the first case, preferences are complete but not transitive and an object may be preferred even when its value is lower. In the second case, preferences are asymmetric and transitive but not negatively transitive and it may not be sufficient for an object to have a greater value to be preferred. In this manner, the biasing factor reflects the extent to which preferences may depart from a maximization process.     

论高等学校学生情感教育机制

目前,高校在人才培养过程中,存在着严重的学生情感教育“边缘化”问题,主要表现在学生情感教育缺乏计划性、整体性和系统性,已经危及到高校教育人才培养的质量,当务之急是要建立完善的学生情感教育机制。需要确立学生情感教育在学校教育中的基础地位,把学生情感教育纳入学校的教学系统,强化教学中的学生情感教育意识,学校各组织部门要整体的有机的进行学生情感教育,培养学生的积极情感,不断提高学生情感能力水平。     

Do expressive mothers have expressive children? The role of socialization in children's affect expression

The effects of maternal expressiveness and children's gender on children's nonverbal expressiveness were assessed in two settings. In the laboratory, 30 boys and 30 girls of kindergarten age were unobtrusively videotaped while talking about happy, sad, and fearful experiences and while experiencing three social situations designed to elicit happy, disappointed, and apprehensive feelings. Videotapes were rated for emotion expression, using global ratings and EMFACS codes. In school, teachers rated these children's expression of four discrete emotions. In both the laboratory and school settings children were more positively expressive than negatively so, and positive and negative expressiveness were unrelated. In the laboratory children's positive expressiveness was consistent across the three social situations, but negative expressiveness varied across affective context. In both settings, children of low-expressive mothers were more positively expressive than children of high-expressive mothers, who tended to be more negatively expressive than children of low-expressive mothers. The difference in negative expression appeared most striking for anger. Gender was not predictive of children's expressiveness in either setting     

论大学生情商教育与德育的辩证关系

大学生情商教育与德育是相互补充、相互促进的辩证关系。情商教育提出中充满了德育元素,也是德育新发展的强力召唤。对大学生情商教育与德育关系的认识,历经了从相互包含到相互重叠,从相互取代到相互补充的认识历程。大学生情商教育促进了德育的内在形式,大学生德育提升了情商教育的基本内容。     

高校写作教学的心理策略

现代心理学的发展和繁荣,为当今高校写作课的教学改革带来全新的视野和崭新的思路,应用和融合相关的心理学理论精髓及技术于当前的写作教学中,有助于提出科学高效的心理策略.具体应用心理学上的“破框”理论、层次需要理论、催眠术以及优化内感官的技术,改变学生的写作信念,激发其写作激情,引导学生建立起写作的天才状态,提升文章的语言表达力;从而切实有效地提升学生的良好写作心理品质及写作能力,真正实现高校写作教学的最优化,培养符合当今社会需要的高素质写作人才.