Intergenerational solidarity: the paradox of reciprocity imbalance in ageing welfare states

In this article a new theoretical framework is applied to a research field that is somewhat fragmented, namely that of intergenerational solidarity in ageing welfare states. Inspired by utilitarian considerations many scholars tend to problematize the lack of reciprocity characterizing intergenerational exchanges. As some generations are longer old and more numerous they may receive excessive state‐administered support of the younger generations, especially in a democratic setting. However, in reality there is limited empirical evidence of intergenerational conflict and theoretical explanations of this paradox are rare. An integrated and dynamical approach that incorporates Durkheim's solidarity theory, Honneth's intersubjective recognition theory, and the current work on reciprocal exchange is necessary in order to understand the survival of intergenerational solidarity in ageing welfare states. According to this model reciprocal recognition leading to the empathization of exchanges is the driving force of intergenerational solidarity in a prefigurative and democratized culture where the status of the young has risen dramatically. Hence, we come to the paradoxical conclusion that attempts to preserve intergenerational solidarity by openly denouncing excessive transfers and trying to bypass them institutionally sometimes might be counterproductive because they may erode their empathic underpinnings.     

Humanising Managerialism: Reclaiming Emotional Reasoning,Intuition, the Relationship,and Knowledge and Skills in Social Work

This paper develops Professor Eileen Munro's coverage of ‘emotional dimensions’ in her Review of Child Protection in England. It argues that managerialism has failed to recognise the importance of the emotional life of human beings and the importance of the relationships we build in social work and that this failure seriously hinders the quality and effectiveness of social work. The paper begins with an account of what an ‘emotional dimension’ might encompass and, drawing on conceptualisations mainly from neuroscience, looks at what is meant by the words emotions and feelings, affect, attunement and empathy. A second section looks at the skewed representation of logical thinking as innately superior to emotional and intuitive reasoning and the part played by conscious and unconscious elements within judicial decision-making. It then analyses the dangers evident in the more extreme and rigid forms of managerialism that can be found in some areas of social work and a final section argues that for managerialism to be humanised it calls for an emotionally responsive relationship-based practice to be located at the heart of social work.     

人际沟通与企业间关系:心理契约的中介作用

如何分析并揭示企业间关系质量的影响机制是管理学关心焦点。本文通过引入传统文献所忽视变量,形成以人际技能、心理契约和关系质量为核心的新企业间关系分析框架,并通过199个中国企业间采购关系数据进行了验证。结果表明:人际技能对心理契约的交易建构和关系建构具有显著正向影响,特别是移情和反馈;心理契约交易建构和关系建构对持续采购和采购比例具有显著正影响;心理契约对人际技能和关系质量具有一定的中介作用。研究结果对于相关的理论发展和管理实践具有一定的启示作用。     

The therapist as selfobject

In the treatment of severely disturbed patients in private practice, the author discovered that a shift from a traditional analytic approach to one that utilized self-psychological concepts produced improved success in the outcomes of treatment. These patients included those with narcissistic and borderline pathology in addition to substance abuse. All the patients had histories of one or more previous treatments.     

传情达意：语言的移情透视

移情是一种修辞现象,它要求说写者选择适当的话语,于情于理影响、感动听读者.语用学重在探究语言使用者如何利用情景因素进行语义表达,从语言和社会文化等方面为修辞移情提供了丰富的表达手段.移情的语用表达强调以交际对方为出发点,建构和选择适当的语境,生成和理解话语,促成双方的合作.本文主要从人称指示、言语行为、语篇的生成和理解三方面来探讨修辞移情的语言-语用体现.     

‘Experiencing life for the first time’: the effects of a traumatic death course on social work student mindfulness and empathy

Mindfulness and empathy are protective factors for social workers and may also improve client outcomes. They may be especially important when dealing with clients experiencing grief and death-related challenges. This study replicated a previous study assessing empathy and mindfulness in social work students before and after an experiential death education course with a focus on traumatic grief. The Empathy Assessment Index and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire were used to measure changes in empathy and mindfulness in 111 primarily MSW-level social work students after the completion of the course. Results showed statistically significant improvements in overall empathy, on three of five empathy subscales, and on four of five mindfulness facets. A qualitative analysis of responses to an open-ended question asking about ways in which the course was meaningful to students found themes of increased awareness, a deepened sense of connection, and preparation for clinical practice.     

Putting empathic feelings into words during times of crisis: The impact of differential verbal empathy expressions on organizational reputation

Organizations in crisis should, above all, demonstrate compassion, concern, and empathy to relieve psychological distress among their stakeholders. In addition, a display of empathy can mitigate reputational damage as well. But how can an organization in crisis put expressions of empathy into words? This study examines three distinct manners to verbally express empathy (i.e., claiming vs. demonstrating understanding; cognitive vs. affective empathy; intensified vs. unintensified verbal expression of empathy) and explores their impact on the post-crisis reputation through three experimental studies. The first two studies also examine the crisis type as a potential boundary condition. The results confirm that an expression of empathy can help protect an organization’s reputation, during both a victim crisis and a preventable crisis. When an organization expresses empathy for those who suffer from a crisis, the public may in turn experience empathic concern towards the organization, which helps to alleviate reputational damage. The positive effect of empathy expressions differs, however, depending on the way in which it is verbally articulated.     

建设一个富有共情心的生态文明

共情心和慈悲心应该成为生态文明时代的核心价值观。通过对心型!学家费什巴赫对共情理解的疏理,依据怀特海的过程哲学或有机哲学,给予共情一界定,共情是一种具有更广大慈悲情怀的深度共情,包括相互扶持、相互帮助及关爱他者,深度地感受到他人的感受。怀特海的哲学为这样一种更宽广的深度共情提供了宇宙论的支撑。在怀特海那里,宇宙是情感的海洋,感受他者的感受是我们与他者建立联系的基本方式。     

移情还是感应:朱光潜论“有我之境”

虽然朱光潜曾对立普斯的＂移情说＂作过一些批评,但他总体上接受了立普斯＂移情说＂的观念方式,并试图用＂移情＂来解释王国维的＂有我之境＂。朱光潜认为,＂有我之境＂是移情作用参与其中的艺术境界,而＂无我之境＂则没有移情作用,是诗人于冷静回味中得来的。他还认为移情是艺术思维、原始思维和儿童思维的共同特点。然而,当朱光潜对立普斯、王国维进行批评时,其论证上的脆弱和矛盾却提示了＂有我之境＂和＂无我之境＂都只能用感应而不是移情来说明。     

道德强度在灰色营销行为决策中的影响作用

以营销道德理论和灰色营销理论为基础,从卖方视角实证检验了道德强度(感知的后果严重性)对灰色营销道德决策的影响作用及其在决策过程的权变作用。结果表明:道德强度对道德判断和灰色营销行为倾向有直接的影响作用,会调节道德判断及惩罚预期和灰色营销行为倾向之间的负相关关系,但是对灰色营销的同情和灰色营销行为倾向之间的正相关关系没有调节作用。研究结果对于企业提升销售人员的道德判断水平,降低个人情感因素对决策者灰色营销行为的影响等具有实践价值。