The renationalisation of migration policies in times of crisis: the case of Norway*

Securing collective action in the field of asylum regulation is high on the European political agenda. In this article, we look at one country's partial pullback from the regional cooperation during the high influx of asylum seekers in 2015. We use Norway as a case to analyse the challenges to common European asylum regulations and the drivers of a region-wide tendency of what we call renationalisation. Against this background, we seek to contribute to the discussion on the dynamics of Europeanisation and the future of the Common European Asylum System. While the Europeanisation of migration policies has been well covered in the literature, tendencies of renationalisation have been less so. To contribute to the knowledge base, we create a typology of the drivers of renationalisation. These drivers include necessary political and institutional preconditions, resource limitations, triggers, expectations and aspects of time.     

When the state takes over: civic integration programmes and the role of cities in immigrant integration

The idea that cities enjoy a certain degree of autonomy from the state when it comes to shaping immigrant integration policy has been repeatedly highlighted by research and promoted by good governance discourses. However, the emergence of state-led civic integration programmes (CIP) across Europe would seem to jar with this movement. This is the contradiction that this article explores. CIP mobilise significant resources and streamline immigrant integration through language courses, the provision of information about the host society and vocational orientation. Drawing on policy documents and interviews with local policy-makers on the CIP in the Netherlands, Germany and Sweden, this article demonstrates how they reduce the role cities have in immigrant integration; and how they transform integration policies—to varying degrees—from being developed in relationship to locally emerging needs to being charged with state sovereignty. These findings challenge the idea that there is an increasingly local approach to integration. They also raise concerns about the ambitions of CIP. Although presented as a means to make integration policies more efficient, their focus on control and coercion may in fact jeopardise their capacity to respond to concrete integration needs.     

Gender differences and equality issues in Europe: critical aspects of gender mainstreaming policies

Gender mainstreaming is the major global strategy for the promotion of gender equality. Clear intergovernmental mandates for gender mainstreaming have been developed for all the major areas of work of the United Nations and the European Commission, including disarmament, poverty reduction, macro-economics, health, education and trade. The evaluation of equal opportunities mainly focuses on qualification measures for unemployed women and improvements in childcare facilities, and on consideration of gender mainstreaming in other policy areas as well as macro-economic effects on employment and unemployment of women. It is evident that the promotion of qualification measures and childcare facilities increases the activity rate of women, although there remain doubts about the quality and sustainability of many measures and the impact on families. In particular this article focuses on the relation between gender mainstreaming and equality issues to examine whether and how the debate on the topic is a real way to improve equality without missing gender differences and women's rights.     

A play for rurality – Modernization versus local autonomy

It is common to understand the governing of rural space as the outcome of a conflict between some romantic protectors of a lost past on the one hand, and the people who worry about creating economic values on the other. However, the power to shape the rural should not only be searched for in the open struggle between protectors and developers, but also should be analysed at the level of discourse, in the play between discourses about how to deal with the rural. In this paper I therefore present a modernist discourse and demonstrate how taken-for-granted truths about the rural – its history, its present and its future – are made possible by this discourse. Secondly, I will reveal how rurality takes on a different meaning in an alternative to the modernist discourse, emphasizing local and regional autonomy. In demonstrating that rurality is contingent upon a play between these two discourses, I want to provide some new insights into an important force behind the persistence of ideas about rurality in Norway.     

珠三角区域的创新路径选择与增长转型——理论、实践与政策评论

2008年的全球金融危机给了珠三角外向型经济以沉重打击,也为经济转型提供了契机。本文针对《珠江三角洲改革发展规划纲要（2008—2020年）》中提出的自主创新、产业升级和增长转型三个问题进行了理论阐述和实证分析,并对所实施的政策进行了评论,提出了通过创新的路径选择促进产业升级和增长方式转变的对策。     

基于多值序列模运算的混合变换域水印

提出一种基于多值序列模运算的新的变换域公开水印算法,将图像的特征序列量化成可忍受的极限能量多值水印信号随机嵌入到图像的DCT、DWT混合变换域中,通过对特征序列量化结果和提取水印的相关性进行统计,得出水印判定结果。     

北京市碳排放权初始分配方式研究及国际经验借鉴

以提出北京市碳排放权初始分配方式设想为目标,通过北京市与国际上的碳排放市场、初始分配方式、碳排放权交易绩效的对比分析,得出限制比例的免费分配与拍卖分配相结合的混合分配方式在北京市最为适用,并提出分区域治理、规定剩余碳排放权去向的分配模式设想。     

论中国旅游行业管理制度的改革

中国旅游行业管理制度的改革既要借鉴外国先进经验,又要考虑现行制度的连续性。改革内容包括现有制度的保留与深化、取消与淡化、创新与拓展,以及执行主体从政府向协会的转移。     

中国能源供需特点与能源结构调整

作为关系国家经济命脉的战略资源,能源是经济发展和社会进步不可缺少的物质条件。本文首先梳理和回顾了改革开放以来我国能源供应和消费情况,从时间、地域、供应结构、消费结构等四个维度分析了能源供需的特点。其次,基于供应能力和需求总量展望了未来能源供需前景及问题。最后,以能源结构调整为视角,阐述了破解我国能源供需问题的政策建议。     

贵州生物质能源的发展与利用

生物质能源作为二十一世纪最具潜力的绿色能源。以其可再生和环保等优点而引起研究者的广泛注意。贵州拥有丰富的生物质能源资源,发展生物质能源具有明显优势。文章从沼气,燃料乙醇和生物柴油等三种典型生物质能源出发,论述其在我省发展的现状与潜力。