能效标识对节能产品选择的引导效用分析——基于京东家电线上销售的实证检验

搜集冰箱、洗衣机、空调三种大家电的线上销售数据,通过描述性分析、组间差异比较、多元回归分析等方式分析能效标识的市场引导效果。结果显示消费者对不同等级家电产品的选择量存在差异,但不同能效等级间消费者满意度并无明显差异,能效等级并非是影响消费者选择和满意度的显著因素。     

The role of parenthood in shaping the gender wage gap – A comparative analysis of 26 European countries

We use cross-national data on 26 EU countries to estimate how parenthood contributes to the gender wage gap, and assess how institutional elements affect this relationship. We find that irrespective of cultural norms and policies, fathers receive a wage premium, which increases the gender gap. Motherhood gaps vary across countries. The highest gaps are seen in Eastern European countries, where policies and norms lead to long absences from work. Moderate to small penalties are found in Continental Europe, Anglo-Saxon and Nordic countries, alongside higher maternal employment. No motherhood penalties are found for Southern EU countries, where mothers return to work quickly or exit the labor market indefinitely.     

Evaluating social investment in disability policy

Disability policy in European countries is displaying a shift towards social investment: increasing human capital and access to the labour market. The reasoning that underlies this transition is that disabled persons would benefit from mainstream employment, but are impeded in traditional policy by deficiencies in labour supply and demand. However, the shift towards more activating policies in many countries is accompanied by a decline in social protection. It is unclear whether social investment may effectively promote the employment chances of disabled persons within this context. The present research examines this question through a quantitative, cross-sectional, multilevel analysis on microdata from 22 EU countries. Our findings suggest greater activation to predict lower employment chances, while reducing passive support shows mixed effects. Conversely, measures for facilitation in daily life predict greater employment chances, as do measures for sheltered work. These findings raise questions over the value of social investment for disabled persons—and underline the need to overcome broader barriers in the labour market and in society.     

东北亚区域能源合作研究

在经济全球化背景下,各国在能源领域的相互依赖性不断加强。在东北亚地区东北亚能源需求急剧增加、东北亚地区能源进口依存度高和能源引起的环境保护问题日益突出的条件下,东北亚地区必须通过区域范围的能源合作来保障能源安全。东北亚区域必须依靠地缘优势和日益紧密的经济联系,通过协商和协议进行能源合作,以保障各国的能源安全和共同利益。虽然目前东北亚区域能源合作受各种因素的影响,进展较为缓慢,但合作前景非常广阔,东北亚区域能源合作可以在许多重点领域展开。     

长三角地区能源效率及其影响因素分析

当前我国生产领域中的能源效率远低于发达国家,而长江三角洲是我国主要能耗地区,提高长三角地区的能源效率具有重要的现实意义。选取了长三角内部三省市14年的面板数据,利用能源强度评价长三角地区能源利用现状,通过实证分析长三角内部各省市的能源效率影响因素,结果发现产业结构和市场化程度对能源效率具有正面影响,外向化程度对能源结构具有负面影响。     

Europeanisation and the Youth Guarantee: The case of France

In 2013, the European Council approved the Youth Guarantee (YG) to counteract youth unemployment. Because of its specific features, the YG is useful for understanding whether the EU has triggered policy change in national youth unemployment policies. Contrary to most of the literature on similar topics, we focused in this study on the effect of this specific European measure rather than on broader EU strategies or policies. The study contributes to the literature by qualifying the degree of fit/misfit and suggesting a counterfactual analysis, using the case of France. We first situate the article within the broader Europeanisation debate and present our research design. The second section introduces the policy structure of the YG and investigates youth unemployment policy in France, prior to and after the European initiative. The third section discusses whether the French youth unemployment policy would have been developed in the same way without the YG. A final section concludes.     

The impact of the European Youth Guarantee on active labour market policies: A convergence analysis

The European Union’s (EU) Youth Guarantee aims to improve the labour market situation of young people. Rather than prescribing a uniform policy model, it acknowledges that supportive measures need to align with national, regional and local circumstances. It thus seeks to promote mutual policy learning through the open method of coordination. As an innovative measure, the EU has deployed funding programmes to support the domestic measures related to the Youth Guarantee. We therefore examined in this study whether this mix of recommendations and financial incentives has entailed a convergence of member state policies. Our analysis of policy outputs for the period 2007?2014 yields a mixed empirical picture. There is catching‐up convergence regarding policies’ sectoral coverage but increasing divergence concerning the number of adopted policy instruments. The first two years of financial incentives did not produce any effect on enhancing policy experimentation among less active member states. We offer an optimistic and a pessimistic interpretation of these findings.     

Everything for the Children: Orphans Growing Up in Informal Adoptive Families in China

Most orphaned children in China are cared for by their extended families or become state wards under the guardianship of child welfare institutions. Some exceptions are children who are found and cared for by families in the community, without a formalized adoption or foster relationship. In some locations, institutions now accept guardianship for these children and support the informal adoptive family to continue to care for them. This article examines the outcomes for these children as they became young adults by comparing these 12 children raised within the system as they approach or have approached young adulthood (now aged 16–40 years-old). Some of the participants were either informally adopted or lived in institutional care. The results of this study found that the family environment was more conducive to the young people’s wellbeing as they approached or entered adulthood. The participants raised in informal care appeared to be treated similar to the biological children in these families. When the institution formalized the state guardianship responsibility, it also meant the families had state resources for support to protect the children’s rights to economic security, education, health care, and social participation. This practice by the institution supported the addition of informal adoption, as one step closer to permanency than foster care. Future implications include considering this option to help promote the family system assisting these children, families, and the state.     

低碳背景下的中国能源战略

随着我国人均收入水平的提高以及小汽车保有量的快速增长,能源消费增长难以避免。开源与节流是我国重大的能源方针政策,节流解决不了能源需求快速增长与供应不足的矛盾,把我国能源供应的增量放在进口上也有很大的风险。我国太阳能、风能等可再生能源发展势头猛、潜力大,由于源头无法控制,难以担当能源供应的重任,节约优先、发展替代能源不足以支撑我国中长期经济社会发展。所以,在应对气候变化的背景下,我们迫切需要深入研究新形势下的中国能源战略问题。     

低碳视角下的可再生能源政策——激励机制与模式选择

利用可再生能源是实现碳减排和能源安全的主要手段,是实现中国可持续发展的主要途径。然而,由于缺乏对可再生能源外部性的合理评估,现实的和潜在的风险阻碍了可再生能源技术的大规模应用。有效的激励政策是,通过价格、补贴和强制消费等手段刺激企业投资可再生能源,促进经济向低碳方向发展。纵观世界各国,不同的可再生能源政策模式在控制成本、创造需求、降低风险及稳定性等各方面存在差异性,而政策的激励效果是以上因素综合作用的结果。因此,政策制定者必须根据现实的能源要素禀赋和技术发展水平进行合理的政策模式选择。中国可再生能源开发潜力大,近年来利用增速快,但也存在着整体利用率低、地域和技术发展不平衡等问题。在现阶段,中国可再生能源激励政策应以固定上网电价制模式为主,将可再生能源利用数量作为基本目标,促进技术创新,建立合理的定价机制。这对中国建设低碳社会、加快转变经济发展方式具有关键性作用。