Examining Localized Patterns of Air Quality Perception in Texas: A Spatial and Statistical Analysis

Environmental and human health issues associated with outdoor air pollution, such as ozone, sulfur dioxide, and other pollutants in metropolitan regions, are an area of growing concern for both policy officials and the general public. Increasing attention from the news media, new health data, and public debate over the effectiveness of clean air regulations have raised the importance of air quality in the public consciousness. While public perceptions of air quality have been studied thoroughly dating back to the 1960s, little empirical research has been conducted to explain the spatial aspects of these perceptions, particularly at the local level. Although recent studies suggest characteristics of local setting are important in shaping perceptions of air quality, the roles of proximity, neighborhood characteristics, and location have not been clarified. This study seeks to improve understanding of the major factors shaping public perceptions of air quality by examining the spatial pattern of local risk perception, the role of socioeconomic characteristics in forming these perceptions, and the relationship between perceived and scientifically measured air pollution. First, we map the spatial pattern of local air quality perceptions using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) across the Dallas and Houston metropolitan areas. Next, we explain these perceptions through local contextual factors using both bivariate correlations and multivariate regression analysis. Results indicate that perceptions of air quality in the study areas are not significantly correlated with air quality based on readings of air monitoring stations. Instead, perceptions appear to be influenced by setting (urban vs. rural), state identification, access to information, and socioeconomic characteristics such as age, race, and political identification. We discuss the implications of the findings and provide direction on how further research can provide a deeper understanding of the local contextual factors influencing public perceptions.     

单面与双面信息广告重复效应的实证研究

通过引入企业道德感知变量,并在整合最优唤醒理论、加工流畅模型、归因理论和两因素理论的基础上,深入剖析了单、双面信息广告重复效应的差异。研究结果表明:双面信息广告比单面信息广告加工更困难,但消费者对其广告正确回忆率更高,广告反应也更积极。单面信息广告的重复效应呈现先增后减的倒U趋势,而双面信息广告的重复效应呈单调递增趋势,疲劳效应延迟出现。消费者对企业道德感知的差异在很大程度上决定了单、双面信息广告重复效应的差异。     

从西雅图的信看美洲印第安人的自然观

原始民族的自然观对现代社会在面对环境危机时重新思考人与自然的关系可以提供一些启发。从 1 9世纪一位印第安酋长的信可以看出 ,美洲印第安人的自然观有不少与西方当代环境哲学的一些重要思想 ,特别是生态学关于要破除人与自然间疆界的主张和生态系统中存在着丰富的生命联系的洞见 ,以及生物中心论与生态中心论提倡的尊重生命的思想有很多契合之处     

法律视角下的海洋环境责任强制保险制度——墨西哥湾原油泄漏事件对我国海洋环境责任保险制度的启示

随着科学技术的发展,日渐频繁的海上石油勘探、开采、运输活动使海洋环境污染事故频频发生,对海洋生态环境造成恶劣影响。2010年4月,位于美国墨西哥湾的"深水地平线"钻井平台发生原油泄漏,造成了前所未有的环境灾难和难以估量的经济损失,而相关单位并未投保针对性较强的足额商业保险,充分暴露了当事国的海洋环境责任保险制度缺陷。我国目前尚未建立完善的环境责任保险制度,墨西哥湾原油泄漏事件对我国海洋环境责任保险法律制度的构建与完善,具有毋庸置疑的警示作用。     

Relations Between Alphabetized Name Order and Nomination Counts in Peer Nomination Measures

Peer nominations, a central method for measuring peer relationships in developmental research, typically involve asking children or adolescents to choose peers who fit various criteria from an alphabetized roster of classmates or grade‐mates. Although such measures have been used for decades, very little research has investigated the effects of alphabetical name order on the number of nominations received by peers. This study collected peer nominations for 20 items among 607 eighth grade participants in two schools. Regression analyses showed that earlier name order significantly predicted higher nomination counts for eight of the items, and explained over 5 percent of the variance in four affective variables (friendship, acceptance, acquaintanceship, and received liking). Across variables, name order effects were negatively correlated with internal reliability of nominations, implying that order effects may be related to the consensus of the peer group. Name order also had a minimal effect on inter‐correlations among a subset of variables. Implications and concrete recommendations for controlling and reducing name order effects in future research are discussed.     

国际政治视野中的环境安全研究综述

近年来,环境问题日益恶化,成为影响国家安全和人类社会可持续发展的重大问题,因而环境安全上升为国际政治领域的焦点问题。作为国际政治的新领域,学者们对环境安全的由来、性质、概念、特点及其国际政治效应的认识方面还存在诸多差异,辩明这种差异对于深刻把握环境安全对国际政治的影响具有重要意义。     

环境史视野下近现代云南城市化初探

近代云南的城市发展可追溯自19世纪中叶,在抗日战争期间云南的城市尤其是昆明蓬勃发展。从环境史视角探索云南城市化面临的问题及相关对策,是云南城市化过程中最相关的问题,也是推进云南城市环境史研究的契机。研究认为,1978年改革开放后,随着城市化战略的实施,云南的城市化也逐步推进;云南的地理环境、人口密度与人均国民生产量是城市发展的因素,云南城市的分布还具有地区差异与较强的环境因素,城市化及其环境发展是云南城市发展的策略与可持续发展的重要动力。     

企业环境战略的形成机制:基于微观动力视角的分析框架

企业的环境价值取向和行为选择将直接决定一个国家的环境质量。依据企业内外部环境驱动力的作用层次,从绿色消费、环境规制、市场结构、内部驱动以及制度影响5个层面,提出了分析企业环境战略形成机制的框架体系和研究内容。在研究视角上,为体现企业环境战略和其他战略的协调统一性,应该将"绿色属性—传统属性"两维划分的企业产品作为基本的分析单元,在此基础上建立理论模型,揭示企业面临多重环境压力下的行为机理。     

高新技术企业联盟导向、创业导向与企业绩效关系的实证研究

基于我国195家高新技术企业的问卷调查数据,实证分析了联盟导向和创业导向对企业绩效的影响,以及创业导向和环境动态性在联盟导向与企业绩效关系间的调节作用。研究结果表明:联盟导向和创业导向对企业绩效具有显著的正向影响;创业导向和市场动态性在联盟导向与企业绩效关系中起到正向调节作用;技术动态性在联盟导向与企业绩效的关系中起到负向调节作用。