农村数字化与粮食供应链韧性:理论机制、经验证据及政策选择

选取2011-2021年的省级数据,构建粮食供应链韧性和农村数字化的综合指标体系,运用固定效应模型探究农村数字化对粮食供应链韧性的影响,研究发现:农村数字化的发展能够提升粮食供应链韧性;异质性检验结果表明,农村数字化对粮食供应链韧性的正向效应在中部地区最强,西部地区最弱。因此应重视农村数字化转型在粮食供应链韧性提升中的重要作用、实现农村数字化转型阶梯式发展,以提高我国粮食安全的可靠性。     

健全粮食安全利益保障体系的机制设计与政策建议

发挥经济激励对国家粮食安全的保障作用至关重要。经过多年来的实践探索,我国基本建立起多维立体的涉粮激励政策体系,形成了稳定粮农收入、优化营商环境、调动产区积极性和保障消费者可得性的政策框架,但仍存在种粮农民利润空间压缩、粮油加工业后劲潜力不足、粮食主产区高产穷县等问题。针对粮食安全利益保障水平较低背后成因,探索构建以实现“产得出、运得到、买得起”为目标、协调粮食产业链利益相关主体关系、充分释放经济效益在保障粮食安全中作用的机制,并提出健全粮食安全利益保障体系的对策建议:一是优化补贴政策,强化政策保本功能;二是加快发展农业社会化服务,实现经营增效;三是协调产业链主体关系;四是逐步健全主产区利益补偿机制;五是健全应急储备及市场调节机制。     

Examining Localized Patterns of Air Quality Perception in Texas: A Spatial and Statistical Analysis

Environmental and human health issues associated with outdoor air pollution, such as ozone, sulfur dioxide, and other pollutants in metropolitan regions, are an area of growing concern for both policy officials and the general public. Increasing attention from the news media, new health data, and public debate over the effectiveness of clean air regulations have raised the importance of air quality in the public consciousness. While public perceptions of air quality have been studied thoroughly dating back to the 1960s, little empirical research has been conducted to explain the spatial aspects of these perceptions, particularly at the local level. Although recent studies suggest characteristics of local setting are important in shaping perceptions of air quality, the roles of proximity, neighborhood characteristics, and location have not been clarified. This study seeks to improve understanding of the major factors shaping public perceptions of air quality by examining the spatial pattern of local risk perception, the role of socioeconomic characteristics in forming these perceptions, and the relationship between perceived and scientifically measured air pollution. First, we map the spatial pattern of local air quality perceptions using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) across the Dallas and Houston metropolitan areas. Next, we explain these perceptions through local contextual factors using both bivariate correlations and multivariate regression analysis. Results indicate that perceptions of air quality in the study areas are not significantly correlated with air quality based on readings of air monitoring stations. Instead, perceptions appear to be influenced by setting (urban vs. rural), state identification, access to information, and socioeconomic characteristics such as age, race, and political identification. We discuss the implications of the findings and provide direction on how further research can provide a deeper understanding of the local contextual factors influencing public perceptions.     

论绿色食品与农业环境保护

本文在分析了绿色食品产生的生态环境背景的基础上,阐明了发展绿色食品与农业生态环境保护之间的辩证关系,并提出了保护和改善农业生态环境、促进绿色食品发展的对策思考     

The Quality of Urban Environments in the Brazilian Amazon

In the Brazilian Amazon during the 1980s,urban population growth outstripped rural growth, andby 1991, most of the region's population resided inurban areas. Much of this urban growth involvedestablishment of unplanned housing with inadequateinfrastructure, which resulted in rising pollution. This paper compares indicators of environmentalquality in urban populations of the Amazon in 1980 and1991, and among different kinds of urban populationsin 1991. The results show that environmental qualityin the region deteriorated during the 1980s as theproduction of and exposure to environmental hazardsrose while resources to ward off hazards eroded. Thefindings also show that environmental quality wasparticularly poor in more rapidly growing urbancenters. The urban Amazon may not afford an adequatestandard of living and this may generate out-migrationfrom the region.     

韩国人口老龄化与老年人社会保障

随着近几十年生育率的持续下降及平均寿命的不断提高 ,韩国人口逐渐出现了老龄化趋势。到下世纪初韩国人口老龄化进程将进一步加快。韩国人口老龄化的显著特征 ,就是在急剧的现代化过程中 ,还没来得及健全老年人社会保障、福利、医疗、保健等制度的情况下将迎来迅速的人口老龄化 ,从而使全社会面临着不断增长的老年人福利、医疗、保健需求     

国际互联网上环境科学与环境教育分类信息资源

分类介绍了国际互联网上与环境科学和环境教育有关的33个网点的主页、网址、主要信息类型和内容提要等情况。     

论责任转质

责任转质并非一种偶然的法律现象,它是对质权作为一种担保物权所要求物尽其用,财尽其流,价尽其位的一种弥补。文章运用比较的方法,论述了责任转质制度在我国确立的必要性,结合该制度在世界各国的立法例,尝试构建我国的责任转质制度。     

被征地农民就业与参保意愿及政策建议——基于西安市调查的分析

通过问卷调研,对被征地农民的就业与参加社会保障的现状、意愿及其影响因素进行研究。首先,被征地农民的就业率低主要原因是缺乏市场竞争意识,就业意愿与就业能力有偏差。其次,政策宣传力度不够和被征地农民社会保障制度存在缺陷,是被征地农民参保意愿低的主要原因。除此之外,征地补偿标准不合理、被征地农民市民化程度低,是造成被征地农民"弱势"地位的深层次原因。对此,应根据被征地农民的需求,建立多种形式的就业培训和就业扶助,尤其扶持有意向的被征地农民自主创业;为实现与城镇社会保障的对接,应建立多层次的被征地农民社会保障体系。     

美国医疗保障制度的变迁及启示

现代意义上的医疗保障是工业社会转型的产物,它是由政府为社会成员的疾病医疗、健康关怀提供必要的保障,使民众能够积极应对疾病风险,防止因病致贫和因病返贫,促进社会和谐发展。因此,它在国家社会保障体系中始终占据极其重要的地位。作为世界上经济最为发达的国家,美国实行了以医疗保险为核心、具有自身独特性的医疗保障制度,这种制度在50多年的变迁过程中也产生了许多问题引起了美国历届政府持续而艰难的改革。他们的改革理念及改革措施也许能够对当前中国城乡医疗保障制度的建立健全提供一些有益的借鉴。