实验性质的写作创新探求——论余华、莫言小说中戏仿手法的运用

一直致力于女性问题探索与写作的铁凝,在《笨花》中已经不是仅仅站在女性立场书写女性体验的女作家,而是用一种超越性别的中性写作,以更加温婉的语气为我们展现历史风云变化下一群平凡的乡土人物的选择,无论是对于具体历史事件的描写,还是对惨烈战争的表现,或是乡土人物的刻画,都融入到世俗烟火的情趣中,体现出一种对“人”的终极关怀。     

魏晋士风与庄子

庄子与庄子思想对魏晋士风的产生及其各方面均有一定影响。魏晋时期,庄子思想第一次全面而深刻地完成了其对古代文人的思想启蒙,对魏晋文人的价值观念、思想作风、人生态度、审美意趣和文学风格,产生了决定的影响。     

Circuits of architecture and urban planning: Professional ethos and the internationalization of small architectural offices

Although the production of the built environment is increasingly globalized, and architecture and urban planning (AUP) professionals are known to be the key carriers of mobile ideas, the internationalization of small owner-centred architectural offices has gained little academic attention, compared to the large consultancies that dominate the global market. We bring together the literature on the circuits of urban planning ideas, the international movement of AUP firms and professional ethoses to explore the internationalization of small AUP offices. Using interview data from Finnish offices, we investigate the ‘what, where, why and how’ and find that they have entered specific geographically delimited AUP circuits demarcated by type of project. We contribute to the literature by identifying motives characteristic of small offices guided by professional ethoses suited to the circuits where they internationalize. Their ethoses may evolve in time and space, as they operate in new circuits. We propose that ethos–circuit coherence may contribute to the successful internationalization of small architectural offices. The findings open avenues for further research on professional ethos not only of architects but also other internationally operating professionals, as it may guide their decisions by other than a narrowly conceived profit motive.