西部地区扶贫开发的模式转换与重点选择

随着社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立和国内外经济政治形势的发展变化 ,传统的救济式扶贫被开发式扶贫所取代。在 2 1世纪西部扶贫开发中 ,重点应放在提高人口素质和改善生态环境两方面 ,走一条教育生态式扶贫的道路。     

新中国前17年中国共产党对农业地位认识的演变

建国后的前17年是中国共产党探索社会主义建设道路的初始阶段,对农业地位认识的演变是其中的一项重要内容。17年间,农业政策问题对整个国民经济的发展产生了重大影响,党也在实践中逐步认识到了农业问题的重要性。例如,国民经济恢复工作的顺利进行源于党对农业基础地位的清醒认识;“一五”期间农业的相对落后是由于党对工业的过分重视;“大跃进”时期农业的破坏是由于“以钢为纲”方针的贯彻;国民经济调整的顺利进行则是由于“以农业为基础”方针的确立,等等。总之17年间,党对农业地位的认识是随工业化实践的推进而不断深化的。     

初论张孝祥词风的嬗变

作为一名南宋时期的爱国词人,张孝祥的词创作经历了两次较大的转变．文章拟就其第一次词风转变作一些初步探讨,主要采用词人生平经历之考察与作品内容之分析相结合的方法,大致勾勒出其词风嬗变的基本轨迹,以便更准确地把握词人的思想风采。     

论英语会话中的言语性话题转换信号

文章探讨了英语会话中可充当话题转换信号的词语,以及它们各自在特定的言语环境中起到怎样的具体作用,以期说明话题转换尽管形式多样,但从言语信号上看,仍有一定的规则可循,仍然表现出一些基本特征。     

试论继续教育对教师素质的现代转换

继续教育是我国为实现现代化尤其是教育现代化、人的现代化所进行的新型教育。本文从知识经济与教育现代化的背景上论述了继续教育对教师素质进行转换的必要性、基本内涵、基本内容以及转换的方向。     

Identifying and implementing pathways for organizational change – using the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families as a case example

Change within social work organizations is incessant. This has implications for senior managers and elected members who have to manage these changes. The Department of Health has introduced new guidance entitled the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families ( Department of Health 1999a ). The guidance is based on a number of principles that require an attitudinal shift in terms of assessing ways of safeguarding children and promoting their welfare. This paper describes strategic approaches to the effective introduction of the framework within social services departments and other child welfare organizations. Two models have been adapted from practice: the actual framework for assessing children and their families and the Protchaska and DiClementi model of change. These models complement each other. The adapted Assessment Framework provides a structure to assess the readiness of the organization for the implementation of the new framework. The model of change provides a schema for planning, implementing and reviewing the introduction and operation of the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families. Although the focus of the paper is the introduction of the new guidance , the models can be utilized by senior managers in any social care organization who are facilitating major changes in the organization.     

世界人口格局中的中国人口转变及其特点

20世纪 50年代以后的中国人口转变与西方传统人口转变有许多不同之处 ,具有自身的特点 ,即转变的迅速性、控制干预性、不彻底性、不稳定性、不平衡性。把握新时期稳定低生育水平的决定是将我国人口转变进行到底的重要措施和手段 ,是实现人口可持续发展的重要步骤     

浅议当前农村养老保障体系中的缺陷和问题

目前农村家庭养老矛盾重重 ,面临农村养老保障由家庭养老向社会养老逐渐过渡的问题。在统筹社会养老基金时 ,应考虑农村养老保障体制转换成本问题 ,应由集体经济和国家负担部分转换成本。家庭养老以精神激励为主 ,但也要实行有效的监督。社会养老基金统筹可采用浮动制的收费办法 ,以弥补保费收缴水平偏低的矛盾     

美国医疗保障制度的变迁及启示

现代意义上的医疗保障是工业社会转型的产物,它是由政府为社会成员的疾病医疗、健康关怀提供必要的保障,使民众能够积极应对疾病风险,防止因病致贫和因病返贫,促进社会和谐发展。因此,它在国家社会保障体系中始终占据极其重要的地位。作为世界上经济最为发达的国家,美国实行了以医疗保险为核心、具有自身独特性的医疗保障制度,这种制度在50多年的变迁过程中也产生了许多问题引起了美国历届政府持续而艰难的改革。他们的改革理念及改革措施也许能够对当前中国城乡医疗保障制度的建立健全提供一些有益的借鉴。     

Bootstrapping Malmquist Indices for Danish Seiners in the North Sea and Skagerrak

In connection with assessing how an ongoing development in fisheries management may change fishing activity, evaluation of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) change over a period, including efficiency, scale and technology changes, is an important tool. The Malmquist index, based on distance functions evaluated with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), is often employed to estimate TFP changes. DEA is generally gaining attention for evaluating efficiency and capacity in fisheries. One main criticism of DEA is that it does not have any statistical foundation, i.e. that it is not possible to make inference about DEA scores or related parameters. The bootstrap method for estimating confidence intervals of deterministic parameters can however be applied to estimate confidence intervals for DEA scores. This method is applied in the present paper for assessing TFP changes between 1987 and 1999 for the fleet of Danish seiners operating in the North Sea and the Skagerrak.