Ecologies of Boundaries: Modes of Boundary Work in Professional Proto‐Jurisdictions

Ecological approaches to professional work, authority, and regulation have seen a resurgence in the sociology of professions, as epitomized in the linked ecologies framework of Andrew Abbott. Alongside this resurgence comes a renewed attention to the way symbolic and material boundaries within and between professions, as well as between professional, university, and political institutions, come to be defined, negotiated, and changed as part of ongoing professional projects. Building on and comparing case studies set in Denmark into three emerging professional “proto‐jurisdictions”—of water‐related climate adaptation, lifestyle disease prevention, and innovation management—this article identifies three key modes of interprofessional boundary work important for such projects. In doing so, it grounds Abbott's meso‐level framework of linked ecologies in more situated accounts of workplace‐level boundary interaction, by reconnecting to a wider tradition of symbolic interactionist studies of professions.     

Midwives’ views of changing to a Continuity of Midwifery Care (CMC) model in Scotland: A baseline survey

BackgroundThere is good evidence that Continuity of Midwifery Care (CMC) is associated with improved clinical outcomes, greater maternal satisfaction, and improved work experiences for midwives. Changes made to the organisation require careful implementation, with on-going evaluation to monitor progress.AimTo develop a survey tool that incorporates several validated scales, which was used to collect baseline data prior to implementing a high-quality Continuity of Midwifery Care (CMC) model in Scotland (Hewitt et al., 2019). This tool gathered data about midwives’ personal and professional wellbeing prior to service reorganisation, with a longitudinal study intended to measure change in midwives’ reportage across time. This paper reports the baseline data-collection.MethodsAn on-line survey was shared with practising midwives (n = 321) in Scotland via the NHS intranet, verbally, email, and paper. The survey elicited midwives views about Continuity of Midwifery Care (CMC); values and philosophies of care; attitudes towards their professional role; personal and professional demographics; quality of life and wellbeing. Psychometric attitudinal scales were scored and free text comments themed according to positive/negative opinions of the new Continuity of Midwifery Care (CMC) model to highlight key concerns to be addressed and identify change barriers or facilitators.FindingsThe majority of midwives indicated support for philosophies underpinning Continuity of Midwifery Care (CMC), which includes physiological birth and providing autonomous midwifery care. Participants also indicated positive attitudes towards their current role and organisation, with some worrying about how the organisation was going to implement the changes required. Worries included, receiving an overburdening workload, being deskilled in certain areas of midwifery practice, and lack of support were litigation to arise.ConclusionMidwives support the values and philosophies that underpin Continuity of Midwifery Care (CMC), yet worry about organisational change involved in evolving systems of care. Hence, management require to implement strategies to reduce fears. For example, delivering accurate and honest information, enabling midwives to plan, design and implement changes themselves, and providing emotional and material help.     

地方政府异质性与区域环境合作治理——基于中国式分权的演化博弈分析

传统经济学隐含的同质性假设无法解释中国不同地方政府在区域环境合作治理过程中表现出的矛盾行为，区域环境合作治理研究陷入困境。通过剖析中国式分权制度背景下地方政府异质性的传导机制，从收入和偏好两个异质性维度出发，建立地方政府有限理性的演化博弈模型，探讨地方政府关于环境合作策略选择的行为演化过程及其收敛趋势。研究结果表明，区域环境合作治理取决于地方政府的收入和偏好差异，以及对合作方的损失补偿或对不合作方施加监管与惩罚的力度。增加地方政府收入、加大对不合作者的监管有利于提高地方政府参与环境合作的概率；适度的偏好异质性有利于促进区域环境合作；而地区间收入异质性不利于促进区域环境合作；在两地方政府收入相当时，一方可以迅速模仿复制另一方的环境策略，表现为相邻地方政府的策略趋同。基于此，提出加强环境监督约束机制，合理设计现行政府激励机制，完善区域之间、中央与地方政府之间环境转移支付制度等对策建议，以期推动中国区域环境合作治理高效执行，促进经济绩效向环境绩效良性转换。     

“互联网+医疗健康”背景下考虑患者反馈机制的药品质量监管策略研究

药品质量关乎公众生命健康、国民经济发展、社会稳定和国家安全，一直以来都是政府和全社会关注的热点问题之一。"互联网+医疗健康"背景下药品流通速度加快使得药品安全问题影响范围扩大，因此，建立患者反馈机制是促进互联网药品质量监管的有效方式。考虑患者反馈机制下如何设计互联网药品质量监管策略的问题，基于演化博弈理论，构建了政府部门、药品生产商、医药电商和患者参与的药品质量监管四方演化博弈模型，通过分析各博弈主体策略选择的稳定性，并基于Lyapunov第一法则对复制动态系统十六种均衡点进行稳定性分析，研究了促进药品生产商提供高质量药品的政府监管策略和患者反馈机制，并利用Matlab 2017仿真分析了各关键要素对策略演化的影响。研究结果表明：1）患者倾向于失真评价或投诉率较低时，医药电商更倾向于选择药品质量不检测，不利于互联网药品质量安全；2）患者失真评价下，不存在药品生产商提供高质量药品的稳定策略组合，而真实评价下有效的反馈机制和监管机制可使互联网药品质量安全具有稳定性；3）提高患者评价（正面评价或负面评价）带给医药电商和药品生产商的声誉价值增加或声誉损失，将会使药品生产商选择提供高质量药品做为稳定策略；4）降低患者失真评价和投诉维权行为的增加，均可增强药品生产商提供高质量药品的稳健性。最后，结合演化博弈模型和仿真分析结果，为完善药品质量监管机制提出了对策与建议。     

Power properties of the modified CUSUM tests

The CUSUM test has played an important role in theory and applications related to structural change, but its drawback is that it loses power when the break is orthogonal to the mean of the regressors. In this study, we consider two modified CUSUM tests that have been proposed, implicitly or explicitly, in the literature to detect such structural changes and investigate the limiting power properties of these tests under a fixed alternative. We demonstrate that the modified tests are superior to the classic tests in terms of both asymptotic theory and in finite samples when detecting an orthogonal structural shift.     

论相互作用与联系、矛盾和运动的关系

相互作用是宇宙的真正的终极原因。只有从事物的相互作用出发,才能了解宇宙间的各种关系。辨证的联系是相互作用的联系,相互作用的联系是矛盾的表现,相互作用构成运动。运动、变化、发展三个概念是密不可分的,同时由于各自反映事物的角度不一样,其含义也不一样,彼此又是互相区别的。     

Estimating the Number of Change Points in Exponential Families Distributions

A simple method is proposed to detect the number of change points in a sequence of independent exponential family random variables. An estimator to maximize some criterion, say SC ( k ), which is to maximize the log- likelihood function with some penalty term, is used in detection. Under some mild assumptions, the consistency of the estimator for the true number of change points and the boundedness between the estimated change locations and the true change location are obtained. Some simulated results are given, and the Nile problem is investigated by this method.     

提高工厂化养猪产量的生产方案

根据母猪产行量的季节性变化规律.给出了充分利用厂房设备提高工厂化养猪产量的生产安排方案，同时考虑了新老交替的安排.     

Time,housework, and the rest of life

Although time envelops all human activities, only now are social scientists giving attention to this variable. Analysis of how American people spent their time in 1965, 1975, and 1985 from national time-diary studies suggests several current beliefs and conclusions that appear misguided or unsupported. Extending the scope of the discussion to include other aspects of peoples' lives (output, satisfactions) suggests ways in which different allocations of time to activities do and do not reflect the value people place on different groups of activities (i.e., lifestyles). Changes in these indicators of social-psychological life over time are needed to help interpret straightforward data on how people spend time.His research interests include social science measurement and methods as well as the impact of technology on social trends. He received his Ph.D. in Sociology and Mathematical Psychology from the University of Michigan.     

21世纪企业新的内部营销:变革管理与战略执行观

21世纪企业新的内部营销,我们称之为内部营销的变革管理与战略执行观。很多企业尤其是服务企业虽在进行内部营销,但是,大多仅仅局限于一般化的培训、沟通、激励等手段的应用。实际上,这仍然是将员工看成一个无差异的整体,实行的是大规模营销策略,缺乏对内部市场的细分以及差异化的内部营销组合策略。21世纪企业新的内部营销需要首先细分内部市场,然后针对性地提出相应的内部营销实施组合策略。