轻重学说与法家略论

轻重学说是一种政府理财的经济学说,它集中体现在《管子》一书的"轻重"篇中。纵观西汉以前轻重学说的理财历史,其实施多为法家人物。就轻重学说本身来看,它不仅借鉴了法家的法、术、势思想,其内含的利出一孔、重农抑商等内容也与法家相近。从治国的角度讲,轻重学说与法家缺一不可。     

我国船舶工业产业波及效应研究

船舶工业对国民经济的促进作用不仅体现在其自身发展产生的推动力,还体现在船舶工业在快速发展的同时通过与上下游产业的广泛联系所产生的产业波及效应.运用投入产出法,根据我国投入产出表,通过我国船舶工业产业关联面、产业关联度、影响力系数、感应度以及生产诱发系数等指标,系统分析船舶工业的产业波及效应,结果表明:船舶工业与其他产业具有广泛而紧密的关联,对相关产业产生了重要的影响.     

A global meaning of supply chain social sustainability

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to help reduce tensions in supply chain social sustainability (SCSS) decisions by providing a common global, contextual definition of social sustainability. This exploratory study utilised an inductive structured interview method to capture SCSS concept meanings. Those interviewed are from, have lived, and worked in developed economies, emerging economies and the base of the pyramid (BOP) economies. The results present a new global baseline definition of SCSS to inform theory and practice by finding that SCSS meanings differ not only between the different levels of economic development, but also within the levels as well. Culture, community and whether basic human needs are met all weigh into perspectives of what this concept is and should entail; a broad, contingent definition is most appropriate moving forward for sustainability planning and execution. Further research with stakeholders in more countries and communities is needed to validate our proposal.     

Reconciliation with the Utility of Chance by Elaborated Outcomes Destroys the Axiomatic Basis of Expected Utility Theory

Expected utility theory does not directly deal with the utility of chance. It has been suggested in the literature (Samuelson, 1952, Markowitz, 1959) that this can be remedied by an approach which explicitly models the emotional consequences which give rise to the utility of chance. We refer to this as the elaborated outcomes approach. It is argued that the elaborated outcomes approach destroys the possibility of deriving a representation theorem based on the usual axioms of expected utility theory. This is shown with the help of an example due to Markowitz. It turns out that the space of conceivable lotteries over elaborated outcomes is too narrow to permit the application of the axioms. Moreover it is shown that a representation theorem does not hold for the example.     

Bayesian prediction of waiting times in stochastic models

The authors show how saddlepoint techniques lead to highly accurate approximations for Bayesian predictive densities and cumulative distribution functions in stochastic model settings where the prior is tractable, but not necessarily the likelihood or the predictand distribution. They consider more specifically models involving predictions associated with waiting times for semi‐Markov processes whose distributions are indexed by an unknown parameter θ. Bayesian prediction for such processes when they are not stationary is also addressed and the inverse‐Gaussian based saddlepoint approximation of Wood, Booth & Butler (1993) is shown to accurately deal with the nonstationarity whereas the normal‐based Lugannani & Rice (1980) approximation cannot, Their methods are illustrated by predicting various waiting times associated with M/M/q and M/G/1 queues. They also discuss modifications to the matrix renewal theory needed for computing the moment generating functions that are used in the saddlepoint methods.     

语用学对修辞研究的启示

语用学和修辞学是相互有密切联系但又相互不同的两个学科,各有自己的研究对象。在许多方面语用学得益于修辞学的进步,反过来,语用学的发展,特别是语用学理论的一些新发展,对丰富修辞学理论和实践又有一定的意义,有助于修辞研究取得更丰硕的成果。本文从介绍语用学开始,看看这门学科是否会对修辞学理论的丰富和发展起一点启示的作用。     

高师教育实习应当纳入科学管理的轨道——试析带队教师的组织·管理·沟通三个作用

本文探讨教育实习的管理工作如何以系统科学理论为指导,运用整体原理、有序原理和反馈原理,使带队教师的组织、管理和沟通工作高效率展开,从而在内容和措施方面体现规范性、实用性和科学性     

以现代教学论指导普通物理教学

本文针对师范院校非物理专业的“普通物理”教与学的矛盾,以现代教学理论为指导,近年来探索新的教学策略,并致力实施,调动了学习积极性和改进评价,取得了较好效果。     

霍布斯与洛克政府理论及其比较

对西方自由主义的两位奠基者霍布斯和洛克的政府理论进行了比较,指出霍布斯和洛克虽然在政府理论的表现形式上大相径庭,但在内在的逻辑上却是一致的。从霍布斯到洛克的政府理论的发展,也反映了自由主义内在逻辑的完善。     

"人力资本论"中的劳工迁移观分析

二战结束后,随着美国科技革命的展开和经济结构中服务业的崛起,美国从20世纪50年代开始出现了经济繁荣和社会失业率并行攀升的趋势。对此,以西奥德.舒尔茨为代表的经济学家通过实践和潜心研究,提出了颇有影响的人力资本论,其中关于劳工迁移的精辟论述具有很强的历史和现实性价值,但是,其中的局限性也十分突出,尤其是强调区域工资差异的论述似有以偏概全之嫌。无论是在理论上,还是近现代史上的跨国移民以及二战后美国以劳工为核心的人口流动,都证明了该理论中的局限性。