心理学的价值理性与工具理性的分裂与整合

科学主义追求工具理性;人文主义则更多的关心价值理性.心理学对科学主义、工具理性的追求使其在科学价值观上产生了严重分裂,这种分裂阻碍了心理学的发展.心理学只有把工具理性和价值理结合起来,建立多元化的理论模式和多层面的研究途径,才能保持其应有的本性,促进其健康发展.     

清代司法实践中的推类方法与民间规范

将民间规范引入司法过程以正当化案件裁决,是和谐司法的内在要求。清代司法官运用推类方法,将民间规范引入司法实践中以填补法律漏洞,正当化案件裁决,这对和谐司法的建设,具有借鉴意义。当下将风俗习惯运用于司法实践,在运用类比推理解决疑难案件过程中,必须借鉴推类方法的优长之处,以弥补类比推理的不足之处。唯有如此,才能弥补法律漏洞,解决疑难案件,提高判决的正当性和说服力,才能真正将裁判的法律效果和社会效果结合起来,达致司法和谐。     

经济逻辑学与构建和谐社会

经济逻辑学的对象、性质问题是当前学界关注的一个前沿课题。它是综合经济科学逻辑论、经济博弈逻辑论、经济语用逻辑论和经济共生逻辑论的优点,全面总结经济活动的思维特点、思维规律和思维方法而形成的有机逻辑系统。经济逻辑学是知识经济时代的必然产物。它是构建和谐社会的思维基石之一,起着理性作用、工具作用和制导作用。     

汉、藏、蒙古族大学生创造性思维与推理能力比较研究

本文采用问卷调查,对汉、藏和蒙古族大学生的创造性思维发展水平和推理能力进行调研。结果表明:汉、藏、蒙古族大学生创造性思维的发展从总体趋势上呈现不均衡;不同民族大学生的创造性思维和推理能力发展呈现出各自的特点;认识水平与概括能力制约着不同民族大学生推理能力的发展。     

基金管理公司治理中的代理问题——一个过度交易的视角

基金管理公司代理问题的研究是以基金作为一个交易的黑箱展开的,而对于在这个黑箱中存在的问题的探讨很少。本文以开放式股票型基金的定期报告数据作为研究对象,从过度交易对基金收益影响的角度分析基金管理公司的代理问题。研究发现,某些基金管理者的频繁交易并没有提高基金持有人的收益,过度交易在某种程度上损害了持有人的利益,导致了基金收益率的下降。     

Developing critical and empathic capabilities in intercultural education through the VaKE approach

One of the core goals of intercultural education is to develop critical and empathic reflection on social justice, particularly as related to humanistic choices and how individuals can counteract exclusion. The present article analyses the Values and Knowledge Education (VaKE) approach, which is aimed at raising awareness about implicit value-oriented priorities in decision-making. Through the Human Development and Capability Approach, the applicability of VaKE’s didactic principles is analysed in relation to young people’s perspectives on resettlement in Europe. The VaKE method was used at a 2013 summer camp in Austria with a culturally diverse group of young Europeans who were presented with a dilemma story that highlighted the complex issue of providing assistance to asylum seekers. The participants engaged in various knowledge and moral viability checks that enabled them to engage with opposing arguments. The participants evidenced critical reflection and self-scrutiny, as well as affiliation and empathic imagination, regarding problems that are encountered by asylum seekers.     

基于加权案例推理模型族的软件成本SVR组合估算

精确地估算软件成本是软件项目成功开发的一个重要保证,直接影响着软件的风险控制和质量保证.为了更好地解决单一估算模型的不足,提出了集成多案例推理(CBR)模型的软件成本组合估算模型.首先,采用六种距离计算公式刻画新旧项目相似度,构建了六种CBR模型,并运用粒子群算法(PSO)来优化CBR模型族中的属性权重.其次,在CBR模型族的基础上,运用支持向量回归机(SVR)模型将不同CBR模型的估算结果进行集成,提高软件成本估算结果的精度.利用Deshamais数据库对模型有效性进行检验,实证结果表明,在六种CBR模型中Euc-CBR、Min-CBR、Gau-CBR和Mah-CBR模型估算结果没有明显差异,Gre-CBR和Man-CBR模型略优;提出的SVR组合估算模型估算精度明显优于单CBR模型和其他线性组合估算模型,能有效提高软件成本的估算精度.     

Major Accidents (Gray Swans) Likelihood Modeling Using Accident Precursors and Approximate Reasoning

Compared to the remarkable progress in risk analysis of normal accidents, the risk analysis of major accidents has not been so well‐established, partly due to the complexity of such accidents and partly due to low probabilities involved. The issue of low probabilities normally arises from the scarcity of major accidents’ relevant data since such accidents are few and far between. In this work, knowing that major accidents are frequently preceded by accident precursors, a novel precursor‐based methodology has been developed for likelihood modeling of major accidents in critical infrastructures based on a unique combination of accident precursor data, information theory, and approximate reasoning. For this purpose, we have introduced an innovative application of information analysis to identify the most informative near accident of a major accident. The observed data of the near accident were then used to establish predictive scenarios to foresee the occurrence of the major accident. We verified the methodology using offshore blowouts in the Gulf of Mexico, and then demonstrated its application to dam breaches in the United Sates.     

A Test for Instrument Validity

This paper develops a specification test for instrument validity in the heterogeneous treatment effect model with a binary treatment and a discrete instrument. The strongest testable implication for instrument validity is given by the condition for nonnegativity of point‐identifiable compliers' outcome densities. Our specification test infers this testable implication using a variance‐weighted Kolmogorov–Smirnov test statistic. The test can be applied to both discrete and continuous outcome cases, and an extension of the test to settings with conditioning covariates is provided.     

Estimation of Nonparametric Models With Simultaneity

We introduce methods for estimating nonparametric, nonadditive models with simultaneity. The methods are developed by directly connecting the elements of the structural system to be estimated with features of the density of the observable variables, such as ratios of derivatives or averages of products of derivatives of this density. The estimators are therefore easily computed functionals of a nonparametric estimator of the density of the observable variables. We consider in detail a model where to each structural equation there corresponds an exclusive regressor and a model with one equation of interest and one instrument that is included in a second equation. For both models, we provide new characterizations of observational equivalence on a set, in terms of the density of the observable variables and derivatives of the structural functions. Based on those characterizations, we develop two estimation methods. In the first method, the estimators of the structural derivatives are calculated by a simple matrix inversion and matrix multiplication, analogous to a standard least squares estimator, but with the elements of the matrices being averages of products of derivatives of nonparametric density estimators. In the second method, the estimators of the structural derivatives are calculated in two steps. In a first step, values of the instrument are found at which the density of the observable variables satisfies some properties. In the second step, the estimators are calculated directly from the values of derivatives of the density of the observable variables evaluated at the found values of the instrument. We show that both pointwise estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal.