论执行性成本动因对成本的作用机理

员工参与、全面质量管理、联系、生产能力利用率和时机选择等执行性成本动因对企业营运成本有重大影响;深入分析执行性成本动因各构成要素对成本的作用机理,不仅能够发现隐藏在生产过程之外诱导企业成本发生的真因,而且也可以为设计执行性成本动因控制策略提供依据;极有利于企业战略成本动因控制。     

政府执行力：阻滞因素与政策选择

我国政府执行力低下主要表现在政令不畅、执行扭曲和行政成本居高不下等方面,这既有政策本身和政策执行机制的原因,也有执行主体和目标群体方面的原因。提升我国政府执行力应着眼于提高政府决策的民主化和科学化水平,建立和完善政策执行机制、政府绩效管理体制和行政问责制度,加强公务员队伍建设和政府执行力文化建设。     

上市公司实际控制人对高管薪酬的影响研究——基于2012年房地产公司的实证检验

文章选取2012年122家房地产上市公司作为研究对象,分析发现国有控股公司与民营控股公司在高管薪酬与实际控制人控股比例上没有明显区别,说明在市场化和薪酬改革较前沿的房地产上市公司中国有控股公司与民营控股公司已经站在同一水平线上.实际控制人的控股比例在控制了公司规模和绩效的情况下与高管薪酬负相关,在实际控制人控股比例低的情况下,内部人控制现象存在.同时,文章验证了高管薪酬与公司规模和公司绩效正相关,但与公司绩效的正向关系并不稳定.     

刑事审后程序中的权力配置问题研究

刑事审后程序包括判决生效后的一系列程序,即刑事执行程序、被害人保护程序、前科消灭程序等,不包括审判监督程序。为了弥补我国刑事审后程序权力分散、职责不明的缺陷,应当由司法行政机关统一行使刑事执行权,由人民法院行使刑事执行中的裁判权及前科消灭的裁判权,完善刑事审后程序中的被害人保护制度。     

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder,Dissociation, and Neuropsychological Performance in Latina Victims of Childhood Sexual Abuse

This study compared the memory, attention/concentration, and executive functioning of 12 women with histories of child sexual abuse with a control group of 12 women without childhood abuse. Participants completed a neuropsychological test battery and various instruments assessing post-traumatic stress disorder and dissociation. The child sexual abuse group had lower performance than the control group on long- and short-term visual and verbal memory and presented more limited performance on executive functioning tasks. Functioning in these areas showed a negative correlation with post-traumatic stress disorder and dissociative symptoms. These findings suggest that child sexual abuse is associated with memory and executive functioning deficits and supports the idea that people with trauma histories and increased post-traumatic stress disorder and dissociation symptoms may have alterations in neuropsychological functioning.     

中国小农制的变态与发展现代农业的背离

我国自进入清代中叶以后人地比率逐渐下降至"率计一岁一人之食,约得四亩"的维生型小农经济临界点,标志着传统小农制的破产和趋于衰亡。新中国成立后的大半个世纪,由于长期实行农村集体土地所有制一直隐含着"集体成员权平等"和"土地产权虚置"的制度性缺陷,结果使明清以后出现的"地权分散化"和"耕地细碎化"趋势更加凸现,最终导致几亿农民在高强度劳动投入和过密型种植模式下出现了土地报酬递减和边际收益下降的现象。因此,我国下一步如何实现小农制与现代农业的有效衔接已成为理论界和政府部门亟待深入研究的一个重大实践课题。     

产权性质、会计信息与高管薪酬

文章通过对国有和民营控股公司薪酬影响因素对比研究发现:在高管薪酬的决定上,纯利润管理的民营控股公司比带有官僚管理的国有控股公司更加倚重会计信息。说明在薪酬契约的制定上,民营控股公司更加看重会计信息。强国有控股和弱国有控股公司对比中却没有得到一致的结论。另外还发现国有控股公司薪酬高于民营控股公司,说明带有官僚管理的国有公司更容易发生管理层侵占。     

地方政府动物防疫强制扑杀行为刍议

在动物疫情应急处理时,政府会对一定范围内的动物进行扑杀。扑杀作为政府的即时性强制行为,在实施中仍普遍存在超范围扑杀,不遵守法定程序,扑杀的方式和方法不规范,扑杀后的补偿范围窄、标准低等不当行为,严重损害相对人的合法权益。因此,应提高地方政府保护公民合法私有财产的意识、规范地方政府依法扑杀的程序,完善地方法规对扑杀补偿的规制,畅通行政复议、行政诉讼等行政救济渠道,以规范地方政府的行政扑杀行为。     

跨区域规划的执行机理与系统优化——以长江三角洲地区为例

文章首先分析了跨区域规划的执行机理、执行模式。发现跨区域规划执行是一个竞争协同的网络结构,该网络从竞争性协同走向协同性竞争,通过自我集聚与交互集聚的耦合,学习、创新与选择机制,专业化与集群化的内在结合促进规划的执行,并按照最高协同机构主导型、产业集群主导型、区域中心城市主导型的模式演进。最后以长江三角洲地区为例,提出跨区域规划执行的对策。     

Burnout and impaired cognitive functioning: The role of executive control in the performance of cognitive tasks

Abstract

Burnout patients often report deficits in cognitive control, and there is a need to understand the processes involved. Drawing on recent findings, we hypothesized that emotional exhaustion and task-related demands on executive control would interact in predicting performance in tasks requiring the updating and monitoring of working memory as well as the inhibition of prepotent (dominant or automatic) responses. In accordance with recent conceptualizations of burnout, we focused on emotional exhaustion as the core symptom of burnout. The sample comprised 81 employees recruited from nursing homes for elderly care in Germany, who participated in a laboratory study involving cognitive tasks. Based on a median split, participants were divided into two groups: those with high burnout and those with low burnout. In line with our hypotheses, the high exhaustion participants performed less well than those with low exhaustion only when tasks put high demands on their executive control. As predicted, high levels of emotional exhaustion were associated with more errors and longer reaction times when demands on executive control were high, whereas no performance differences were found when both tasks put low demands on executive control. The implications for practice are discussed.