公共经济主体的多元化与政府治理结构的改革

20世纪70年代以来,新自由主义和西方公共经济学开始兴起。公共经济主体日益多元化,西方国家的政府治理结构出现了放任市场的转型。私人部门、第三部门、社区、国际组织纷纷成为公共经济的主体,甚至黑社会组织也为资产阶级提供公共产品。而对人民群众和社会主义国家来说,劳动者组织和公有制经济部门才是政府部门之外的最主要的公共经济主体。只要西方国家的政府还是资产阶级的政府,那么,无论其治理结构如何转型,都阻止不了政治经济危机的发生,相比之下,只有社会主义国家才有可能依靠人民群众来实现政府治理结构的改革,使国家的职能只限于几项符合普遍性、全国性目的的职能。其中比较重要的是实现政企分开,将国有资产管理委员会成建制地从各级政府划归同级人大管辖。     

环境素养对消费者绿色消费行为的影响研究

基于苏、皖两省的839份实地调研数据,结合环境素养理论和行动阶段理论,将行为意向分为目标意向和执行意向两个阶段,运用结构方程模型分析了环境素养对消费者绿色消费行为的影响。实证结果表明：环境素养的四个维度,即环境价值观、环境责任感、环境问题感知和环境行为技能,均通过绿色消费意向对绿色消费行为产生间接影响,符合行动阶段理论的影响机理。其中,环境价值观通过绿色消费执行意向对绿色消费行为产生显著的正向影响;环境责任感、环境行为技能通过绿色消费目标意向和绿色消费执行意向两个中介变量对绿色消费行为产生正向影响,并且绿色消费目标意向显著影响绿色消费执行意向;环境问题感知对绿色消费行为的影响则遵循“环境问题感知 绿色消费目标意向 绿色消费执行意向 绿色消费行为”的路径,且对绿色消费行为存在显著的负向影响。基于此,为进一步促进绿色消费行为,文章从政府、企业和消费者三个角度提出了相应的政策建议。     

高校图书馆与大学生素质教育

全面推进素质教育是高校工作的重要目标 ,作为高校三大支柱之一的图书馆 ,是高校实施素质教育的重要基地。文章就高校图书馆在大学生素质教育中的作用、图书馆如何利用自身优势、发挥教育职能、把素质教育的思想贯穿于图书馆工作 ,以及对图书馆实施素质教育的目标和途径 ,如何提高大学生的创新精神和实践能力等问题做了论述。     

非言语交际与外语教学

非言语交际作为言语交际的重要组成部分,在外语教学中,起着不可忽视的作用。恰当地使用非言语交际行为,能够创建良好的师生关系,提高学生学习兴趣。本文分析了非言语交际行为的重要性及其在外语课堂教学中的表现形式和作用。     

Use of log−log survival function in modeling time-covariate interactions in Cox regression

Plotting of log−log survival functions against time for different categories or combinations of categories of covariates is perhaps the easiest and most commonly used graphical tool for checking proportional hazards (PH) assumption. One problem in the utilization of the technique is that the covariates need to be categorical or made categorical through appropriate grouping of the continuous covariates. Subjectivity in the decision making on the basis of eye-judgment of the plots and frequent inconclusiveness arising in situations where the number of categories and/or covariates gets larger are among other limitations of this technique. This paper proposes a non-graphical (numerical) test of the PH assumption that makes use of log−log survival function. The test enables checking proportionality for categorical as well as continuous covariates and overcomes the other limitations of the graphical method. Observed power and size of the test are compared to some other tests of its kind through simulation experiments. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed test is more powerful than some of the most sensitive tests in the literature in a wide range of survival situations. An example of the test is given using the widely used gastric cancer data.     

1998年、2008年两次国务院机构改革“三定”规定比较研究——基于政府职能转变的视角

改革开放以来,国务院相继经历了6次比较大的机构改革,纵观这6次机构改革.尤以1998年和2008年的动作幅度最大、影响范围最广且具有标志性的意义.1998年和2008年这两次机构改革,都是以职能转变是政府机构改革的核心,但这两次又有所不同.本文通过两次机构改革中形成的"三定规定"的研究,以政府职能转变为视角,分析我国行政管理体制取得的进展与成就,同时根据服务型政府建设的要求,找出不足,明确下一步改革的方向,这对于进一步深化行政管理体制改革、建设人民满意的服务型政府具有重要意义.     

试论知识经济与高校学术功能

知识经济时代的到来 ,把高等学校推向了社会的中心地位 ,同时带来了新的生机。高校人才集聚 ,应成为知识经济的策源地 ,这就要求高校发挥基础性研究的学术功能 ,综合研究的学术功能 ,教学研究的学术功能 ,应用研究的学术功能 ,高校自身发展研究的学术功能 ,才能够完成历史使命     

论行政道德建设的运行机制

坚持行政目标管理与行政道德要求、精神激励与物质激励、政策保障与经济保障、领导与群众、法治与德治、全过程监督与全方位监督的相结合,从而建立并健全考核机制、激励机制、保障机制、互动机制、规范机制和监督机制是促进行政道德建设健康发展的根本措施。     

Automating argument construction

Over the past five years the Artificial Intelligence Center at SRI has been developing a new technology to address the problem of automated information management within real- world contexts. The result of this work is a body of techniques for automated reasoning from evidence that we call evidential reasoning. The techniques are based upon the mathematics of belief functions developed by Dempster and Shafer and have been successfully applied to a variety of problems including computer vision, multisensor integration, and intelligence analysis.

We have developed both a formal basis and a framework for implementating automated reasoning systems based upon these techniques. Both the formal and practical approach can be divided into four parts: (1) specifying a set of distinct propositional spaces, (2) specifying the interrelationships among these spaces, (3) representing bodies of evidence as belief distributions, and (4) establishing paths of the bodies for evidence to move through these spaces by means of evidential operations, eventually converging on spaces where the target questions can be answered. These steps specify a means for arguing from multiple bodies of evidence toward a particular (probabilistic) conclusion. Argument construction is the process by which such evidential analyses are constructed and is the analogue of constructing proof trees in a logical context.

This technology features the ability to reason from uncertain, incomplete, and occasionally inaccurate information based upon seven evidential operations: fusion, discounting, translation, projection, summarization, interpretation, and gisting. These operation are theoretically sound but have intuitive appeal as well.

In implementing this formal approach, we have found that evidential arguments can be represented as graphs. To support the construction, modification, and interrogation of evidential arguments, we have developed Gister. Gister provides an interactive, menu-driven, graphical interface that allows these graphical structures to be easily manipulated.

Our goal is to provide effective automated aids to domain experts for argument construction. Gister represents our first attempt at such an aid.     

Weighted simulated integrated conditional moment tests for parametric conditional distributions of stationary time series processes

In this article, we propose a weighted simulated integrated conditional moment (WSICM) test of the validity of parametric specifications of conditional distribution models for stationary time series data, by combining the weighted integrated conditional moment (ICM) test of Bierens (1984 Bierens, H. J. (1984). Model specification testing of time series regressions. Journal of Econometrics 26:323–353.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) for time series regression models with the simulated ICM test of Bierens and Wang (2012 Bierens, H. J., Wang, L. (2012). Integrated conditional moment tests for parametric conditional distributions. Econometric Theory 28:328–362.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) of conditional distribution models for cross-section data. To the best of our knowledge, no other consistent test for parametric conditional time series distributions has been proposed yet in the literature, despite consistency claims made by some authors.